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Son Haçlı Seferi ve İlk Siyonistler: Din, İmparatorluk ve Modern Filistin Yapımı

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 1 - 28, 31.12.2025

Roberto Mazza

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1772685

Abstract

Bu makale, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında İngiliz imparatorluk politikasının Filistin'e yönelik ihmal edilen dini boyutlarını incelemekte ve Hıristiyan Siyonist ağları, haçlı söylemi ve İngiliz İsrailciliğinin stratejik değerlendirmelerin işlediği temel çerçeveleri sağladığını savunmaktadır. İngiltere ve Amerika'yı kapsayan ulusötesi evanjelik ağlar, Balfour Deklarasyonu ve Kudüs'ün işgali dahil olmak üzere kilit kararları etkilemiş, hem istihbarat toplama örgütleri hem de siyasi destek kaynakları olarak işlev görmüştür. Ancak çoklu dini çerçeveleri birleştirme girişimleri temel çelişkiler yarattı—Yahudi restorasyonuna yönelik Hıristiyan Siyonist desteği, Hıristiyan hakimiyetini vurgulayan haçlı imgesiyle çelişti. Dini beklentiler ile pratik yönetim gerçekleri arasındaki uçurum, manda dönemi boyunca İngiliz otoritesini sarsan sürekli gerilimlere katkıda bulundu. Bu dini ağlar imparatorluk çöküşünden sağ çıkarak çağdaş hareketlere dönüştü ve özellikle Amerikan evanjelik İsrail desteği olmak üzere Orta Doğu siyasetini etkilemeye devam ediyor.

Keywords

Hıristiyan Siyonizmi İngiliz İmparatorluğu Balfour Deklarasyonu dini ağlar Filistin

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The Last Crusade and The First Zionists: Religion, Empire, and The Making of Modern Palestine

Year 2025, Issue: 18, 1 - 28, 31.12.2025

Roberto Mazza

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1772685

Abstract

This article examines the neglected religious dimensions of British imperial policy toward Palestine during World War One, arguing that Christian Zionist networks, crusading rhetoric, and British Israelism provided essential frameworks within which strategic considerations operated. Transnational evangelical networks spanning Britain and America influenced key decisions including the Balfour Declaration and Jerusalem's occupation, functioning as both intelligence-gathering organizations and sources of political support. However, attempts to combine multiple religious frameworks created fundamental contradictions—Christian Zionist support for Jewish restoration conflicted with crusading imagery emphasizing Christian dominance. The gap between religious expectations and practical governance realities contributed to ongoing tensions that undermined British authority throughout the mandate period. These religious networks survived imperial decline, transforming into contemporary movements that continue influencing Middle Eastern politics, particularly American evangelical support for Israel.

Keywords

Christian Zionism British Empire Balfour Declaration religious networks Palestine

Thanks

Keyman Modern Turkish Study Program, Buffett Institute for Global Affairs, Northwestern University

References

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  • Jacobson, Abigail. From Empire to Empire: Jerusalem Between Ottoman and British Rule. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009.
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  • Marsden, George. Fundamentalism and American Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
  • Masalha, Nur. The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Palestine-Israel. London: Zed Books, 2007.
  • Mazza, Roberto. Jerusalem From the Ottomans to the British. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.
  • Mazza, Roberto and Idir Ouahes. ‘For God and La Patrie: Antonin Jaussen, Dominican Priest and French Intelligence Agent in the Middle East, 1914-1920.’ First World War Studies 3, no. 2 (2012): 145-164.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Contemporary History of Middle East
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Roberto Mazza 0000-0003-3627-9878

Submission Date August 26, 2025
Acceptance Date November 18, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 18

Cite

Chicago Mazza, Roberto. “The Last Crusade and The First Zionists: Religion, Empire, and The Making of Modern Palestine”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 18 (December 2025): 1-28. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1772685.

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