Research Article

Reflections of the Interior Ornamentation of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock on Islamic Art in the Context of Environmental and Periodical Factors Abstract

Number: 18 December 31, 2025
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Reflections of the Interior Ornamentation of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock on Islamic Art in the Context of Environmental and Periodical Factors Abstract

Abstract

As two of the earliest examples of Islamic architecture, Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock are significant monuments that bear the artistic traces of various civilizations, including the Umayyads, Abbasids, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Seljuks, and Ottomans. Naturally, Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock are not merely places of religious worship; they are architectural masterpieces that display the artistic and cultural heritage of Islamic civilizations and serve as sources of pride in contrast to other cultures and civilizations. In Islamic art, decoration has played a central role in enhancing both the spiritual and aesthetic value of architectural structures. Due to restrictions on figurative representations, artists and architects developed a rich decorative language based on stylization and symbolism. Within this context, geometric patterns, vegetal and rûmî motifs, as well as curvilinear designs, came to the fore. When calligraphy is also considered among these decorative elements, inscriptions served not only a visual function but also reflected sacredness through religious and philosophical meanings. The Umayyad period marked a formative stage in the development of Islamic architecture and art. The encounters with new cultures as a result of military conquests led to a noticeable influence from the architecture and decorative arts of the era’s major empires Rome, Byzantium, and the Sâsânîans. However, this influence was not one of direct imitation; instead, the Umayyads reinterpreted and applied the decorative elements of these civilizations within their own cultural framework. The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, constructed by the Umayyads in their capital, and the Great Mosque of Córdoba in al-Andalus, exhibit ornamental features that are stylistically consistent with the interior decoration of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. This stylistic unity reflects an important cultural continuity. The aim of this research is to analyze the emergence and development of a decorative style that originated in the geography of Palestine and extended as far as al-Andalus. It also seeks to evaluate these structures previously examined mainly in terms of architecture through their decorative features. The study investigates the designs, forms, motifs, patterns, symbolic meanings, cultural interaction points, materials, and techniques employed in interior decoration. It traces the artistic contributions of various dynasties and rulers to the ornamentation of these buildings, which bear witness to the birth of a civilization, and follows the lasting traces of their influence through history.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

23DA32001

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Culture, Representation and Identity , Historical Anthropology , Ottoman Culture and Art

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

August 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 22, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Number: 18

Chicago
Baysal, Ali Fuat, and Çiğdem Önkol Ertunç. 2025. “Mescid-I Aksâ Ve Kubbetü’s-Sahra’nın İç Mekân Tezyinâtının Çevresel Ve Dönemsel Faktörler Bağlamında İslâm Sanatına Yansımaları”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, nos. 18: 78-116. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1761130.

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