Research Article

Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives

Number: 18 December 31, 2025
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Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives

Abstract

Within the discipline of history, it is also necessary to address the lives of individuals. However, accessing information about the daily lives of ordinary people is often not easy. In the early stages of historical writing, the focus was primarily on heroes and kings who were revered as gods. The history of common people became a subject of study only with the development of historiography in the modern sense. Although sufficient data on the lives of ordinary individuals are not always available, it is possible to examine their lives through the personnel records kept during the late Ottoman period, particularly those belonging to members of the scholarly (ilmiye) class. This study focuses on the biographies of the Muftis of Jerusalem, compiled from the archival records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office, currently housed under the Istanbul Mufti’s Office. The aim is to provide detailed biographical information on the Muftis of Jerusalem during the late Ottoman period. From the 16th century until the first quarter of the 20th century, Jerusalem functioned as a sanjak (district) of the Ottoman Empire. As a result of its administrative status, a relatively high number of muftis were appointed to the region. However, due to the fact that official personnel records began to be systematically kept only in the second half of the 19th century, it has not been possible to obtain information on all of the muftis. Based on data obtained through qualitative research methods, specifically document analysis and archival review, it has been determined that four muftis served in Jerusalem during the final period of the Ottoman Empire. In referring to these muftis, the name Muhammad has been preferred over Mehmet, which is more commonly used in Anatolia, in order to better reflect the demographic characteristics of the region, differing from the choice made by some previous researchers. Jerusalem has long held a central place for all three major monotheistic religions and continues to maintain this significance today. Recognizing its religious importance in Islam as well, the Ottoman Empire approached the city with particular care. This sensitivity is also evident in the appointment of muftis, where attention was paid to the region’s demographic composition. Although the majority of the Ottoman population adhered to the Hanafi school of thought, efforts were made to address the needs of local residents who followed the Shafi'i school. As a result, the city had both a Hanafi and a Shafi'i mufti serving concurrently.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Late Modern Ottoman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

July 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 26, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 18

APA
Efe, A., & Candeğer, Ü. (2025). Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, 18, 61-77. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1748672
AMA
1.Efe A, Candeğer Ü. Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives. BPS. 2025;(18):61-77. doi:10.34230/fiad.1748672
Chicago
Efe, Aydın, and Ümmügülsüm Candeğer. 2025. “Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh Al-Islam Office Archives”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, nos. 18: 61-77. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1748672.
EndNote
Efe A, Candeğer Ü (December 1, 2025) Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives. Bulletin of Palestine Studies 18 61–77.
IEEE
[1]A. Efe and Ü. Candeğer, “Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives”, BPS, no. 18, pp. 61–77, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.34230/fiad.1748672.
ISNAD
Efe, Aydın - Candeğer, Ümmügülsüm. “Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh Al-Islam Office Archives”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies. 18 (December 1, 2025): 61-77. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1748672.
JAMA
1.Efe A, Candeğer Ü. Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives. BPS. 2025;:61–77.
MLA
Efe, Aydın, and Ümmügülsüm Candeğer. “Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh Al-Islam Office Archives”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, no. 18, Dec. 2025, pp. 61-77, doi:10.34230/fiad.1748672.
Vancouver
1.Aydın Efe, Ümmügülsüm Candeğer. Muftis of Jerusalem According to the Records of the Sheikh al-Islam Office Archives. BPS. 2025 Dec. 1;(18):61-77. doi:10.34230/fiad.1748672

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