Research Article

Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem

Number: 18 December 31, 2025
TR EN

Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem

Abstract

This article examines the complex structure of Christian patriarchal institutions in 17th-century Ottoman Jerusalem, highlighting their functions that extended beyond mere spiritual authority to include political, economic, and administrative roles. The study aims to analyze patriarchal appointments within the triad of “economy–representation–authority,” and to historically reveal how these processes were embedded in both the legitimacy strategies of the Ottoman central administration and the dynamics of inter- and intra-sectarian competition. The research is based on primary sources such as şer‘iyye sicilleri (Islamic court records/sharia sijills), miscellaneous documents, and chronicles (vekayinâme). Drawing on this material, the study argues that patriarchal appointments evolved into a multidimensional field of representation, encompassing not only religious authority but also material and administrative responsibilities such as the management of waqf institutions, tax collection, oversight of international donation networks, and supervision of provincial order. In particular, the practice of pîşkeş (gift offering) positions the patriarchal office as a symbolic bearer of both legitimacy and economic obligation within the center–periphery relationship. The article analyzes the connections between Jerusalem’s identity as a sacred space and the Ottoman state’s mechanisms of economic consent production and political control. It demonstrates that patriarchs were not merely intra-communal leaders but also key actors in the Empire’s governance over the provinces within its multi-religious order. In this context, the study reconceptualizes the institution of the patriarchate as a distinctive historical case in which religious representation intersected with political economy in the Ottoman context.

Keywords

References

  1. Muessesetu İhyâʾ al-Turâth wa’l-Buḥûth al-Islâmiyya [The Institute for the Revival of Islamic Heritage and Research], Palestinian Ministry of Awqaf (Abu Dis Archive)
  2. Sharia Sijil Records of Jerusalem (KŞS) KŞS-190, 495/a2; 501/b2,a1; 508/a; 543/b; 557/a1; 559/b; 568/b2,a1; 618, 619/b1 KŞS-176, 19/a2; 14/b1; 28/a1
  3. The Ottoman Archives, Directorate of State Archives, Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye (BOA) Sharia Sijil Records of İstanbul (İŞS) İŞS-3, 129/b1; 103/b3; 13/a3; 8/a1 İŞS-12, 102/b2; 107/a2
  4. Defters of Church of Holy Sepulchre (A{DVNSKLS_d) A{DVNSKLS_d_8 İbnul Emin, Maliye (İE.ML), 25/2446
  5. İstanbul Kadı Sicilleri Bab Mahkemesi 3 Numaralı Sicil (H. 1077 / M. 1666 - 1667), vol. 17. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (İSAM) Yayınları, 2011.
  6. İstanbul Kadı Sicilleri İstanbul Mahkemesi 12 Numaralı Sicil (H. 1073-1074/M. 1663-1664), vol. 16. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (İSAM) Yayınları, 2010.
  7. Administration of Christian Denominations and Communities of Jerusalem Critical Edition of Defters of Church of Holy Sepulchre, Edited by Numan Yekeler, Yılmaz Karaca, Istanbul: Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye Directorate of State Archives Publications, 2019.
  8. Aslan, Kevork. Armenia and the Armenians. New York: The Macmillan Com., 1920.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

History of Ottoman Minorities, Ottoman Central Organization, History of Ottoman Socio-Economy, Ottoman Field Service, Early Modern History of Middle East

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

April 26, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 18

APA
Avşin Güneş, G. (2025). Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, 18, 29-60. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1684378
AMA
1.Avşin Güneş G. Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem. BPS. 2025;(18):29-60. doi:10.34230/fiad.1684378
Chicago
Avşin Güneş, Gülcan. 2025. “Representation, Politics And, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, nos. 18: 29-60. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1684378.
EndNote
Avşin Güneş G (December 1, 2025) Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem. Bulletin of Palestine Studies 18 29–60.
IEEE
[1]G. Avşin Güneş, “Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem”, BPS, no. 18, pp. 29–60, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.34230/fiad.1684378.
ISNAD
Avşin Güneş, Gülcan. “Representation, Politics And, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies. 18 (December 1, 2025): 29-60. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1684378.
JAMA
1.Avşin Güneş G. Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem. BPS. 2025;:29–60.
MLA
Avşin Güneş, Gülcan. “Representation, Politics And, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, no. 18, Dec. 2025, pp. 29-60, doi:10.34230/fiad.1684378.
Vancouver
1.Gülcan Avşin Güneş. Representation, Politics and, Economy: Patriarchal Appointments in 17th-Century Ottoman Jerusalem. BPS. 2025 Dec. 1;(18):29-60. doi:10.34230/fiad.1684378

Cited By

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