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Identity and Resistance: The Constructivist Transformation of Palestine

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 17, 1 - 34, 30.06.2025

Damla Kocatepe

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1651510

Öz

This study examines the change and transformation of Palestinian identity from a constructivist theoretical perspective, starting from the pre-1948 period and covering the entire process up to the present day. The main argument of the study is that Palestinian identity is not a fixed, static, or inherent phenomenon; rather, it is continuously constructed and shaped over time under the influence of historical, social, and political dynamics. In this regard, a comprehensive literature review is conducted to explore the transformation of Palestinian identity in depth and to provide historical coherence with constructivist theory. The unique and valuable contribution of the study is its analysis of the evolution of Palestinian identity, examining it within the contexts of Gaza, the West Bank, Israel, and refugees, highlighting how this identity has developed from pre-1948 to the present and the role of socio-political dynamics in this evolution. Furthermore, the study is significant for its in-depth analysis of how Palestinians living in different geographical areas have engaged with this process and how they have shaped the concept of "Palestinianness." By approaching the construction of Palestinian identity not just as a historical phenomenon but also as a dynamic process shaped by social, cultural, and political factors, the study emphasizes not only the ethnic and religious characteristics of identity but also its aspects related to resistance and national belonging. Analyzing Palestinian identity across five distinct periods and within the defining characteristics of each era, the study offers an in-depth examination of its constructivist nature. In doing so, it aims to provide a substantial contribution to the existing literature and serve as a valuable resource for researchers interested in the subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine Identity in Palestine Palestinianness Collective Identity Construction Constructivism

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Saad, Ismael. "State-Controlled Education and Identity Formation among the Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel." American Behavioral Scientist 49, no. 8 (2006): 1085-100.
  • Ağdemir, Murat. "Religion, Settlements and Israel’s Relations with Palestinian Arabs." The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, no. 45 (2014): 41-64.
  • Al-Atawneh, Muhammad, and Meir Hatina. "The Study of Islam and Muslims in Israel." Israel Studies 24, no. 3 (2019): 101-25.
  • Amara, Muhammad. "The Collective Identity of the Arabs in Israel in an Era of Peace." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 249-62.
  • Ateş, Davut. "Uluslararası İlişkilerde Konstrüktivizm: Ortayol Yaklaşımının Epistemolojik Çerçevesi." Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10, no. 1 (2008).
  • Baker, Ahmad. "Psychological-Political Perception of Identity among Palestinian Youth." In The Future of Palestinian Identity, edited by Sharif Kanaana, 19-27: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2018.
  • Bastakı, Jinan. "Who Represents Palestinian Refugees? The Sidelining of the Core of the Palestine Question." PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 20, no. 1 (2015): 77-92.
  • Baumgarten, Helga. "The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948––2005." Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 4 (2005): 25-48.
  • Beška, Emanuel. "Political Opposition to Zionism in Palestine and Greater Syria: 1910-1911 as a Turning Point." Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 59 (2014).
  • Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, 2012.
  • Black, Ian. Komşular Ve Düşmanlar: Filistin Ve İsrail’deki Araplar Ve Yahudiler 1917-2017. Pegasus Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bligh, Alexander. "Israeli Arab Members of the 15th Knesset: Between Israeli Citizenship and Their Palestinian National Identity." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 1-15.
  • Brubaker, Rogers, and Frederick Cooper. "Beyond "Identity"." Theory and Society 29, no. 1 (2000): 1-47.
  • Budeiri, Musa. "Reflections on Al-Nakba." Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 1 (1998).
  • Campos, Michelle U. Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford University Press, 2010.
  • Connolly, William E. Kimlik Ve Farklılık Siyasetin Açmazlarına Dair Çözüm Önerileri. Translated by Ferma Lekesizalın. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 1995.
  • Çapar, Gökhan. "Dış Politika Açısından Toplumsal, Siyasal Ve Uluslararası Boyutlarıyla Kimlik ve Kültür: Biz Ve Ötekiler Ayrımına Kavramsal ve Kuramsal Bir Bakış." In Uluslararası İlişkilerde Kimlik Perspektifinden Dış Politika Biz ve Ötekiler, edited by Gökhan Çapar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Çınkara, Gökhan. "Filistin'de İslami Hareketin Siyasallaşması: Hamas (1946-2024)." Ombudsman Akademik, no. Özel Sayı 2 (Gazze) (2024): 163-94.
  • Dabed, Emilio. "Decrypting the Palestinian Political Crisis: Old Strategies against New Enemies: Chile 1970-73, Palestine 2006-09." Arab Studies Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2010): 73-91.
  • Elgindy, Khaled. "Palestine Goes to the Un: Understanding the New Statehood Strategy." Foreign Affairs 90, no. 5 (2011): 102.
  • Ersoy-Ceylan, Tuğçe. "1948: Mekân-Kırım Yoluyla Unutma Rejiminin Kuruluşu." Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 9 (2021): 76-107.
  • Ersoy‐Ceylan, Tuğçe. "Social Identities in Conflict: Israeli Palestinians and Israeli Jews." Digest of Middle East Studies 32, no. 3 (2023): 206-22.
  • Fearon, James D. "What Is Identity (as We Now Use the Word)." Stanford University, California (1999): 1-43.
  • Fishman, Louis M. Jews and Palestinians in the Late Ottoman Era, 1908-1914: Claiming the Homeland, Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
  • Garfinkle, Adam M. "On the Origin, Meaning, Use and Abuse of a Phrase." Middle Eastern Studies 27, no. 4 (1991): 539-50.
  • Ghanem, As' ad, and Sarah Ozacky-Lazar. "The Status of the Palestinians in Israel in an Era of Peace: Part of the Problem but Not Part of the Solution." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 263-89.
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  • Habashi, Janette. "Palestinian Children: A Transformation of National Identity in the Abbas Era." Fennia-International Journal of Geography 197, no. 1 (2019): 77-93.
  • Hall, Stuart. "The Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity." In Culture Globalization and the World System, edited by Anthony D. King, 173-87: Macmillan, 1991.
  • Hesketh, Katie, Suhad Bishara, Rina Rosenberg, and Sawsan Zaher. The Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel. Adalah: The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel. Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, 2011.
  • Hofman, John E, and Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi. "The Palestinian Identity and Israel's Arabs." Peace Research 9, no. 1 (1977): 13-23.
  • Holt, Maria C. "A Crisis of Identity: Palestinian Women, Memory and Dissent." In The Future of Palestinian Identity, edited by Sharif Kanaana: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.
  • Hopf, Ted. "Constructivism All the Way Down." International Politics 37 (2000): 369-78.
  • Hudson, Michael C. "Developments and Setbacks in the Palestinian Resistance Movement 1967-1971." Journal of Palestine Studies 1, no. 3 (1972): 64-84.
  • Hunter, F Robert. The Palestinian Uprising: A War by Other Means. University of California Press, 1993. Jamal, Amal. "Palestinian Dynamics of Self-Representation: Identity and Difference in Palestinian Nationalism." In Israelis in Conflict: Hegemonies, Identities and Challenges, edited by Adriana Kemp, David Newman, Uri Ram and Oren Yiftachel, 123-43. Susssex Akademic Press, 2004.
  • Kabha, Mustafa. The Palestinian People: Seeking Sovereignty and State. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
  • Karabulut, Bilal. "15 Temmuz Ve Türk Ulusal Kimliğinin Uyanışı: Konstrüktivist Teori Perspektifinde Bir Analiz." Bilig, no. 79 (2016): 1-22.
  • Kårtveit, Bård. “Dilemmas of Attachment: Identity and Belonging among Palestinian Christians”, Brill, vol. 112 (2014).
  • Kelman, Herbert C. "The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts." Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 3 (1999): 581-600.
  • Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • Khalifa, Osama Fouad. "Arab Political Mobilization and Israeli Responses." Arab Studies Quarterly (2001): 15-35.
  • Kimmerling, Baruch. "The Formation of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Mandatory Periods." Middle Eastern Studies 36, no. 2 (2000): 48-81.
  • Koren, Haim. "The Arab Citizens of the State of Israel: The Arab Media Perspective." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 212-26.
  • Likhovski, Assaf. Law and Identity in Mandate Palestine. Univ of North Carolina Press, 2006.
  • Lockman, Zachary. "Railway Workers and Relational History: Arabs and Jews in British-Ruled Palestine." Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, no. 3 (1993): 601-27.
  • Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's Control of a National Minority. University of Texas Press, 1980. Macken, Shelbi. "Identity in Protracted Displacement: Exploring Identity of Palestinian and Syrian Refugees Living in Lebanon." Aigne Journal 7 (2018).
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  • Majadly, Haifa, and İbrahim Yılmaz. "Filistin Edebiyatında Kimlik Sorunu." Ilahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi= Journal of Ilahiyat Researches, no. 46 (2016): 145.
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  • Mi'ari, Mahmoud. "Collective Identity of Palestinians in Israel after Oslo." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1, no. 8 (2011).
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Kimlik ve Direniş: Filistin'in Konstrüktivist Dönüşümü

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 17, 1 - 34, 30.06.2025

Damla Kocatepe

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1651510

Öz

Bu çalışma, Filistin kimliğindeki değişim ve dönüşümü, konstrüktivist teori perspektifinden, 1948 öncesinden başlatarak günümüze kadar kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, Filistin kimliğinin sabit, statik ve doğuştan gelen bir olgu olmadığı; aksine, tarihsel, toplumsal ve siyasal dinamiklerin etkisiyle sürekli olarak inşa edilen ve zaman içinde dönüşen bir yapıya sahip olduğudur. Bu doğrultuda, geniş bir literatür taraması yapılarak Filistin kimliğindeki dönüşüm derinlemesine incelenmekte ve konstrüktivist teori ile tarihsel bir bütünlük sağlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın özgün ve değerli katkısı, Filistin kimliğinin evrimini, Gazze, Batı Şeria, İsrail ve mülteciler bağlamında bir arada ele alarak, bu kimliğin 1948 öncesinden günümüze kadar nasıl dönüştüğünü ve toplumsal-politik dinamiklerin bu süreçteki rolünü vurgulamasıdır. Ayrıca, farklı coğrafyalarda yaşayan Filistinlilerin bu sürece nasıl farklı şekillerde dahil olduklarını ve "Filistinlilik" olgusunu nasıl şekillendirdiklerini derinlemesine incelemesi bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Filistin kimliğinin inşasını sadece tarihsel bir olgu olarak değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal, kültürel ve politik faktörlerin etkisiyle şekillenen dinamik bir süreç olarak ele alan ve bu bağlamda kimliğin etnik ve dini özelliklerinin yanı sıra direniş ve ulusal aidiyet yönlerini de vurgulayan çalışma, Filistin kimliğini beş ayrı dönemde ve her dönemin belirleyici özellikleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Filistin kimliğinin inşacı karakterine dair derinlemesine bir analiz sunarak bu alandaki literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlayan çalışma, konuyla ilgilenen araştırmacılar için kıymetli bir kaynak olmayı hedeflemektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin Filistin’de Kimlik Filistinlilik Kolektif Kimlik İnşası Konstrüktivizm

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Saad, Ismael. "State-Controlled Education and Identity Formation among the Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel." American Behavioral Scientist 49, no. 8 (2006): 1085-100.
  • Ağdemir, Murat. "Religion, Settlements and Israel’s Relations with Palestinian Arabs." The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, no. 45 (2014): 41-64.
  • Al-Atawneh, Muhammad, and Meir Hatina. "The Study of Islam and Muslims in Israel." Israel Studies 24, no. 3 (2019): 101-25.
  • Amara, Muhammad. "The Collective Identity of the Arabs in Israel in an Era of Peace." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 249-62.
  • Ateş, Davut. "Uluslararası İlişkilerde Konstrüktivizm: Ortayol Yaklaşımının Epistemolojik Çerçevesi." Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10, no. 1 (2008).
  • Baker, Ahmad. "Psychological-Political Perception of Identity among Palestinian Youth." In The Future of Palestinian Identity, edited by Sharif Kanaana, 19-27: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2018.
  • Bastakı, Jinan. "Who Represents Palestinian Refugees? The Sidelining of the Core of the Palestine Question." PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 20, no. 1 (2015): 77-92.
  • Baumgarten, Helga. "The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948––2005." Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 4 (2005): 25-48.
  • Beška, Emanuel. "Political Opposition to Zionism in Palestine and Greater Syria: 1910-1911 as a Turning Point." Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 59 (2014).
  • Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, 2012.
  • Black, Ian. Komşular Ve Düşmanlar: Filistin Ve İsrail’deki Araplar Ve Yahudiler 1917-2017. Pegasus Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bligh, Alexander. "Israeli Arab Members of the 15th Knesset: Between Israeli Citizenship and Their Palestinian National Identity." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 1-15.
  • Brubaker, Rogers, and Frederick Cooper. "Beyond "Identity"." Theory and Society 29, no. 1 (2000): 1-47.
  • Budeiri, Musa. "Reflections on Al-Nakba." Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 1 (1998).
  • Campos, Michelle U. Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford University Press, 2010.
  • Connolly, William E. Kimlik Ve Farklılık Siyasetin Açmazlarına Dair Çözüm Önerileri. Translated by Ferma Lekesizalın. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 1995.
  • Çapar, Gökhan. "Dış Politika Açısından Toplumsal, Siyasal Ve Uluslararası Boyutlarıyla Kimlik ve Kültür: Biz Ve Ötekiler Ayrımına Kavramsal ve Kuramsal Bir Bakış." In Uluslararası İlişkilerde Kimlik Perspektifinden Dış Politika Biz ve Ötekiler, edited by Gökhan Çapar. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Çınkara, Gökhan. "Filistin'de İslami Hareketin Siyasallaşması: Hamas (1946-2024)." Ombudsman Akademik, no. Özel Sayı 2 (Gazze) (2024): 163-94.
  • Dabed, Emilio. "Decrypting the Palestinian Political Crisis: Old Strategies against New Enemies: Chile 1970-73, Palestine 2006-09." Arab Studies Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2010): 73-91.
  • Elgindy, Khaled. "Palestine Goes to the Un: Understanding the New Statehood Strategy." Foreign Affairs 90, no. 5 (2011): 102.
  • Ersoy-Ceylan, Tuğçe. "1948: Mekân-Kırım Yoluyla Unutma Rejiminin Kuruluşu." Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 9 (2021): 76-107.
  • Ersoy‐Ceylan, Tuğçe. "Social Identities in Conflict: Israeli Palestinians and Israeli Jews." Digest of Middle East Studies 32, no. 3 (2023): 206-22.
  • Fearon, James D. "What Is Identity (as We Now Use the Word)." Stanford University, California (1999): 1-43.
  • Fishman, Louis M. Jews and Palestinians in the Late Ottoman Era, 1908-1914: Claiming the Homeland, Edinburgh University Press, 2020.
  • Garfinkle, Adam M. "On the Origin, Meaning, Use and Abuse of a Phrase." Middle Eastern Studies 27, no. 4 (1991): 539-50.
  • Ghanem, As' ad, and Sarah Ozacky-Lazar. "The Status of the Palestinians in Israel in an Era of Peace: Part of the Problem but Not Part of the Solution." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 263-89.
  • Gilad, Elon. "Who Are the Palestinians?". Mıd. Esat Journal (23 Dec, 2024). https://www.mideastjournal.org/post/who-are-the-palestinians.
  • Gleason, Philip. "Identifying Identity: A Semantic History." The Journal of American History 69, no. 4 (1983): 910-31. Gordon, Neve. Israel's Occupation. University of California Press, 2008.
  • Habashi, Janette. "Palestinian Children: A Transformation of National Identity in the Abbas Era." Fennia-International Journal of Geography 197, no. 1 (2019): 77-93.
  • Hall, Stuart. "The Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity." In Culture Globalization and the World System, edited by Anthony D. King, 173-87: Macmillan, 1991.
  • Hesketh, Katie, Suhad Bishara, Rina Rosenberg, and Sawsan Zaher. The Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel. Adalah: The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel. Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, 2011.
  • Hofman, John E, and Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi. "The Palestinian Identity and Israel's Arabs." Peace Research 9, no. 1 (1977): 13-23.
  • Holt, Maria C. "A Crisis of Identity: Palestinian Women, Memory and Dissent." In The Future of Palestinian Identity, edited by Sharif Kanaana: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.
  • Hopf, Ted. "Constructivism All the Way Down." International Politics 37 (2000): 369-78.
  • Hudson, Michael C. "Developments and Setbacks in the Palestinian Resistance Movement 1967-1971." Journal of Palestine Studies 1, no. 3 (1972): 64-84.
  • Hunter, F Robert. The Palestinian Uprising: A War by Other Means. University of California Press, 1993. Jamal, Amal. "Palestinian Dynamics of Self-Representation: Identity and Difference in Palestinian Nationalism." In Israelis in Conflict: Hegemonies, Identities and Challenges, edited by Adriana Kemp, David Newman, Uri Ram and Oren Yiftachel, 123-43. Susssex Akademic Press, 2004.
  • Kabha, Mustafa. The Palestinian People: Seeking Sovereignty and State. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.
  • Karabulut, Bilal. "15 Temmuz Ve Türk Ulusal Kimliğinin Uyanışı: Konstrüktivist Teori Perspektifinde Bir Analiz." Bilig, no. 79 (2016): 1-22.
  • Kårtveit, Bård. “Dilemmas of Attachment: Identity and Belonging among Palestinian Christians”, Brill, vol. 112 (2014).
  • Kelman, Herbert C. "The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts." Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 3 (1999): 581-600.
  • Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • Khalifa, Osama Fouad. "Arab Political Mobilization and Israeli Responses." Arab Studies Quarterly (2001): 15-35.
  • Kimmerling, Baruch. "The Formation of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Mandatory Periods." Middle Eastern Studies 36, no. 2 (2000): 48-81.
  • Koren, Haim. "The Arab Citizens of the State of Israel: The Arab Media Perspective." Israel Affairs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 212-26.
  • Likhovski, Assaf. Law and Identity in Mandate Palestine. Univ of North Carolina Press, 2006.
  • Lockman, Zachary. "Railway Workers and Relational History: Arabs and Jews in British-Ruled Palestine." Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, no. 3 (1993): 601-27.
  • Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel's Control of a National Minority. University of Texas Press, 1980. Macken, Shelbi. "Identity in Protracted Displacement: Exploring Identity of Palestinian and Syrian Refugees Living in Lebanon." Aigne Journal 7 (2018).
  • Mahmoud, Mi'ari. "Traditionalism and Political Identity of Arabs in Israel." Journal of Asian and African Studies 22, no. 1-2 (1987): 33-44.
  • Majadly, Haifa, and İbrahim Yılmaz. "Filistin Edebiyatında Kimlik Sorunu." Ilahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi= Journal of Ilahiyat Researches, no. 46 (2016): 145.
  • Matar, Dina. "What It Means to Be Palestinian: Reflections on Anti-Colonial Identities in Times of Excessive Production and Destruction." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 17, no. 3 (2024): 246-53.
  • Mi'ari, Mahmoud. "Collective Identity of Palestinians in Israel after Oslo." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1, no. 8 (2011).
  • ———. "Self-Identity and Readiness for Interethnic Contact among Young Palestinians in the West Bank." Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie (1998): 47-70.
  • ———. "Transformation of Collective Identity in Palestine." Journal of Asian and African Studies 44, no. 6 (2009): 579-98.
  • Miari, Mahmoud. "Collective Identity of Palestinians in Israel after Oslo." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1, no. 8 (2011).
  • Murgia, Pamela. "The Discourse on Identity in Palestinian Refugee Camps. The Role of Textual Genres and Representations." América Crítica 5, no. 2 (2021): 149-57.
  • Muslih, Muhammad Y. The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism. Columbia University Press, 1988.
  • Nassar, Issam. "Reflections on Writing the History of Palestinian Identity." Palestine-Israel Journal 8, no. 4 (2001): 24-37.
  • Nofal, Mamdouh, Fawaz Turki, Haidar Abdel Shafi, Inea Bushnaq, Yezid Sayigh, Shafiq al-Hout, Salma Khadra Jayyusi, and Musa Budeiri. "Reflections on Al-Nakba." Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 1 (1998): 5-35.
  • Onuf, Nicholas. World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. University of South Carolina Press, 1989.
  • Özkoç, Özge. "İsrail’in Batı Şeria’daki Yerleşimci Politikası Ve Abd’nin Filistin Sorununa İlişkin Barış Girişimleri: İki Devletli Çözüm Hâlâ Mümkün Mü?". Gazi Akademik Bakış 15, no. 29 (2021): 311-36.
  • Porath, Yehoshua. The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918-1929 (Rle Israel and Palestine). Routledge, 2020.
  • Reinharz, Jehuda. "Old and New Yishuv: The Jewish Community in Palestine at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Jewish Studies Quarterly 1, no. 1 (1993): 54-71.
  • Rouhana, Nadim N, and Sahar S Huneidi. Israel and Its Palestinian Citizens: Ethnic Privileges in the Jewish State. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
  • Rouhana, Nadim N, and Areej Sabbagh-Khoury. "The Indigenous Palestinian Bedouin of the Naqab: Forced Urbanization and Denied Recognition." The Palestinians in Israel (2011): 120.
  • Sa'di, Ahmad H. "Trends in Israeli Social Science Research on the National Identity of the Palestinian Citizens of Israel." Asian Journal of Social Science (2004): 140-60.
  • Sayigh, Rosemary. "The Palestinian Identity among Camp Residents." Journal of Palestine Studies 6, no. 3 (1977): 3-22.
  • Sayigh, Yezid. "The Plo and the Palestinian Armed Struggle." In The Middle East Online: Series 1: Arab-Israeli Relations, 1917-1970. Cengage Learning: Gale. Com. (July, 2005).
  • Schulz, Helena Lindholm. "Identity Conflicts and Their Resolution: The Oslo Agreement and Palestinian National Identities." In Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict, 229-47: Routledge, 2018.
  • ———. "The Politics of Fear and the Collapse of the Mideast Peace Process." International Journal of Peace Studies (2004): 85-105.
  • Shamir, Michal, and Tammy Sagiv‐Schifter. "Conflict, Identity, and Tolerance: Israel in the Al‐Aqsa Intifada." Political Psychology 27, no. 4 (2006): 569-95.
  • Sharabi, Hisham. Palestine Guerrillas: Their Credibility and Effectiveness. The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University., 1970.
  • Shemesh, Moshe. "The Palestinian Society in the Wake of the 1948 War: From Social Fragmentation to Consolidation." Israel Studies 9, no. 1 (2004): 86-100.
  • Smith, Anthony D. "National Identity and the Idea of European Unity." International Affairs 68, no. 1 (1992): 55-76. Stalder, William A. "Palestinian Christians and the Old Testament: Hermeneutics, History, and Ideology", Diss. University of Aberdeen, 2012.
  • Şimşek, Sefa. "Günümüzün Kimlik Sorunu Ve Bu Sorunun Yaşandığı Temel Çatışma Eksenleri." Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3, no. 3 (2002): 29-39.
  • Tajfel, Henri, and John C Turner. "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior." In Political Psychology, edited by J. T. Jost and J. Sidanius: Psychology Press, 2003.
  • Takkenberg, Lex. "Unrwa and the Palestinian Refugees after Sixty Years: Some Reflections." Refugee Survey Quarterly 28, no. 2-3 (2009): 253-59.
  • Tezcan, Selim. “Historiography of Palestine in the Arab Press of the Early Mandate and the Question of the Formation of Palestinian Identity”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. Kudüs’te Kimlik ve Mekan (April 2025): 173-97 The Guardian. "One More Racist Law': Reactions as Israel Axes Arabic as Official Language." The Guardian, 19 July, 2018.
  • Time. "Fedayeen Leader Arafat." Dec 13, 1968. https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19681213,00.html. Turki, Fawaz. "Reflections on Al-Nakba." Journal of Palestine Studies 28, no. 1 (1998).
  • UN General Assembly. Resolution Adopted on the Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question. (29 November 1947).
  • Volkan, Vamik D. "Large-Group Identity, International Relations and Psychoanalysis." Paper presented at the International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 2009.
  • Wendt, Alexander. "Anarchy Is What States Make of It: The Social Construction of Power Politics." International Organization 46, no. 2 (1992): 391-425.
  • ———. "Collective Identity Formation and the International State." American Political Science Review 88, no. 2 (1994): 384-96.
  • ———. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • ———. Social Theory of International Politics. Vol. 67: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Yale Law School. The Palestinian National Charter: Resolutions of the Palestine National Council July 1-17, 1968, 2008.
  • Zehfuss, Maja. "Constructivism and Identity: A Dangerous Liaison." In Constructivism and International Relations: Alexander Wendt and His Critics, edited by S. Guzzini and A Leander, 92-116: Routledge, 2005.
  • Zureik, Elia. "Being Palestinian in Israel." Journal of Palestine Studies 30, no. 3 (2001): 88-96.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ortadoğu Çalışmaları
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Damla Kocatepe 0000-0002-1564-3995

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kocatepe, Damla. “Identity and Resistance: The Constructivist Transformation of Palestine”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 17 (Haziran 2025): 1-34. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1651510.
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