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Zionism's Plans and Attempts against the al-Aqsa Mosque before and after the War of 1967

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 11, 45 - 69, 30.06.2022

Esra Kalkan Özhelvacı

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.929189

Öz

Beytül-Makdis üç semavi din için de mukaddes şehir olması sebebiyle tarih boyunca mücadele alanı olmuştur. Dolayısıyla dini merkeze alan bakış açısı, Yahudilerin Kudüs'e duyduğu sadakatte etkili bir faktördür. Mescid-i Aksa bir yanda Müslümanlar ve Filistinliler için vazgeçilmez bir yer olsa da, öte yandan Siyonizmin kutsal mekana karşı farklı düşünceleri vardı. Siyonizm, Anti-Semitizme karşı doğan ve tüm dünyadaki zulüm gören yahudileri kurtarma amacı güden ideolojidir. Siyonizm hareketinin önderliğinde kurulan İsrail'in mevcut durumu, kutsal topraklarda bir Yahudi devletinin kurulduğunun bir işaretidir. İsrail Devlet kurulduktan sonra, Hz. İbrahim'in inandıkları vaadini gerçekleştirmek için Beytül-Makdis'teki işgal bölgelerini oluşturdular. Bunun üzerine Mescid-i Aksa / Tapınak Dağı, eski şehrin ilhakı ile Siyonistlerin odak noktası haline geldi. Bu nedenle Mescid-i Aksa üzerindeki nihai amaç için planlar kurup eylemlerini gerçekleştirdiler. Bu amaca göre Siyonistler farklı ideolojilere sahip olsalar dahi Mescid-i Aksa'ya / Tapınak Dağına dini perspektiften yaklaşmışlardır. Ayrıca Siyonistler nihai amaçları için Mescid-i Aksa'ya yönelik girişimlerini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma 1967 savaş ve işgali öncesi ve sonrasında Kudüs'teki Mescid-i Aksa üzerinde çeşitli Siyonist ideolojilere dayalı planlarını ve girişimlerini açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca Siyonist ideolojinin Mescid-i Aksa’yı nasıl etkilediğinide açıklığa kavuşturmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyonizm Yahudi Siyonizmi Anti-Siyonistler ve Siyonist olmayanlar Hıristiyan Siyonizm El-Aksa Cami Beytul-Makdis

Destekleyen Kurum

ANKARA SOSYAL BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Kaynakça

  • AbulQaraya, Bashir. “Al-Aqsa Mosque and The Third Palestinian Intifada.” Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise, 2017.
  • Al Jubeh, Nazmi. “Bab Al-Magharibah: Joha’s Nail in the Haram al-Sharif,” 2003.
  • Alici, Mustafa. “ÜÇ KUDÜS: KUDÜS’E SİYONİST, EVANJELİK VE REEL-POLİTİK YAKLAŞIMLAR.” AKRA KÜLTÜR SANAT VE EDEBİYAT DERGİSİ 6, no. 15 (May 8, 2018): 41–58. doi:10.31126/akrajournal.390796.
  • Al-Rodhan, Nayef R. F., Graeme P. Herd, and Lisa Watanabe. “The 1948 Arab-Israeli Conflict: Initial Conditions.” In Critical Turning Points in the Middle East: 1915 - 2015, 1–249. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • “A/RES/3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975.” Accessed April 28, 2021. https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1.
  • Ariel, Yaakov. “Terror at the Holy of Holies: Christians and Jewish Builders of the Temple at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century,” 2007.
  • Ataov, Turkkaya. “Kudus ve Devletler Hukuku,” 1980, 29–54.
  • Awaisi, Abd-al-Fattah Muhammad el-. Introducing Islamicjerusalem. 3rd ed. Monograph on Islamicjerusalem Studies 5. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, 2007.
  • Bahat, Dan. THE JERUSALEM WESTERN WALL TUNNEL. 1st ed. Israël Exploration Society, 2013.
  • Biger, Gideon. “Territory and Space in Israeli Society and Politics.” Indiana University Press 13, no. 1 (2008): 68–93.
  • Bush, Andrew F. “The Implications of Christian Zionism for Mission.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research 33, no. 3 (July 2009): 144–50. doi:10.1177/239693930903300309.
  • Cattan, Henry. “The Status of Jerusalem: UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS.” Journal of Palestine Studies 10, no. 3 (1981): 3–15.
  • Cohen, Hillel. “The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa in Zionist and Palestinian National Consciousness: A Comparative View.” Israel Studies Review 32, no. 1 (2017): 1–19.
  • Cohen, Yoel. “THE POLITICAL ROLE OF THE ISRAELI CHIEF RABBINATE IN THE TEMPLE MOUNT QUESTION.” Jewish Political Studies Review 11, no. 1/2 (1999): 101–26.
  • Dag, Mehmet Emin. “Kudüs’e Yönelik Tehditler Görünenden Daha Büyük.” Ordaf Ortadogu ve Afrika Arastirmalri Dernegi, July 24, 2017. https://ordaf.org/kuduse-yonelik-tehditler-gorunenden-daha-buyuk/.
  • Dolphin, Lambert. “Moving Towards a Third Temple.” Accessed March 21, 2021. http://www.templemount.org/tempprep.html.
  • Freas, Erik. “The Six Day War and Its Aftermath.” In Nationalism and the Haram Al-Sharif/Temple Mount, by Erik Freas, 97–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49920-8_7.
  • Garaudy, Roger, and Nezih Uzel. Siyonizm Dosyası. Pınar Yayınları, 1983.
  • Gölnitz, Hinnerk. “International Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Barrier by Israel in the West Bank,” 2005.
  • ———. “International Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Barrier by Israel in the West Bank,” 2005.
  • Haddad, Yvonne. “Islamists and the ‘Problem of Israel’: The 1967 Awakening.” The Middle East Journal 46, no. 2 (Sipring 1992): 266.
  • Houk, Marian. “Dangerous Grounds at Al-Haram al-Sharif: The Threats to the Status Quo.” Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 63 (2015): 105
  • KIZILOĞLU, Sedat. “İsrail Devleti’nin Kuruluşuna Kadar Geçen Süreçte Yahudiler ve Siyonizm’in Gelişimi.” Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2, no. 1 (2012): 35–64.
  • Larkin, Craig, and Michael Dumper. “In Defense of Al-Aqsa: The Islamic Movement inside Israel and the Battle for Jerusalem.” The Middle East Journal 66, no. 1 (2012): 30–51.
  • Lundsten, Mary Ellen. “Wall Politics: Zionist and Palestinian Strategies in Jerusalem, 1928.” Journal of Palestine Studies 8, no. 1 (1978): 3–27.
  • Man, Omer, and Michael Schaeffer. “"Israel’s Chief Rabbi Urges Building Jewish Temple on Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif,” 2016. 972mag. com.
  • Ma’oz, Moshe. “The Role of the Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif in the Deterioration of Muslim–Jewish Relations,” 2014.
  • Miller, Kristen. “Beyond Sacred Space: The Struggle for Al-Aqsa and the Islamic Movement in Israel,” 2020.
  • Nicholson, Robert W. “Managing the Divine Jurisdiction: Sacred Space and the Limits of Law on the Temple Mount (1917-1948).” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2142245.
  • Omar, Abdallah Marouf. “Al-Aqsa Mosque’s Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence.” Insight Turkey 19, no. 3 (2017): 69–82.
  • Özkan, Ümmühan, Selda Şen, Sujūd Muḥammad Ṭāhir, İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı, and İstanbul Barış Platformu, eds. Mescid-i Aksa Sempozyumu. 1. baskı. İlmî toplantılar serisi 04. Istanbul: İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı, 2009.
  • Persico, Tomer. “The End Point of Zionism: Ethnocentrism and the Temple Mount.” Israel Studies Review 32, no. 1 (Summer0 2017): 104–22. doi:10.3167/isr.2017.320107.
  • Rabinovich, Abraham. “Tunnel Vision.” Accessed June 10, 2020. http://www.templemount.org/tunnel.html.
  • Rabkin, Yakov M. Yahudilerin Siyonism Karsitligi The Teat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism. 1st ed. Istanbul: Iletisim yayinlari, 2018.
  • Romman, Ammon. “Dalicate Balances at the Temple Mount 1967-1999.” In Jerusalem: A City and Its Future, 292–332, 2002. Sess.: 1973-1974), UN General Assembly (28th. “Situation in South Africa Resulting from the Policies of Apartheid,” 1974. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/642340.
  • Sizer, Stephen. “Christian Zionism.” Road Map to Armageddon, 2004.
  • ———. “Christian Zionism.” Road Map to Armageddon, 2004.
  • Sulaiman, Kamal-deen Olawale. “Jerusalem as a Uniting Factor for Muslims and Christians: Historical and Scriptural Grounds.” The IAFOR Journal of Arts and Humanities II, I, 2014.
  • “The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and The State of Palestin Ee Status Report on The State of Conservation of the Old City of Jerus.” Accessed March 22, 2021. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:W6AjRpvy2VsJ:https://whc.unesco.org/document/127758+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=sg.
  • “The Six Day War,” May 29, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War.
  • Türem, Şule İsmihan. “ORTODOKS YAHUDİLİKTEKİ MESİH İNANCI VE DİNİ ÖNDERLERİN SİYONİZM’E ETKİLERİ.” PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 28–41.
  • Wistrich, Robert S. “Theodor Herzl: Zionist Icon, Myth‐maker and Social Utopian.” Israel Affairs 1, no. 3 (1995): 1–37. doi:10.1080/13517129508719336.

Zionism Plans and Attempts Against Al-Aqsa Mosque before and after 1967

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 11, 45 - 69, 30.06.2022

Esra Kalkan Özhelvacı

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.929189

Öz

Bayt al-Maqdis has been the place of struggle throughout history due to its three religions and being a holy city and site for thousands of years in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Hence, religious perspective is an effective factor in the loyalty of the Jews to Jerusalem. On one side Al-Aqsa Mosque was an indispensable place for Muslims and Palestinians, on the other hand, Zionism had different plights towards the holy place. Zionism was born against Anti-Semitism has endeavored for Jews and has worked to protect them from persecution in many parts of the world. Founded under the leadership of the Zionism movement, the current state of Israel is a sign that a Jewish state was established in the holy land. After the state was established, they developed the occupation areas in Bayt al-Maqdis to realize the promise of Abraham, which they believed. Thereupon, the Al-Aqsa Mosque / Temple Mountain has become the focal point of the Zionists with the annexation of the old city. Therefore, they made their plans and actions for the ultimate purpose of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Accordingly, even though the Zionists had different ideologies, they were influenced by religious perspectives over the Al-Aqsa Mosque / Temple Mount. Also, Zionists continue their attempts against Al-Aqsa Mosque for their ultimate purposes. This study explains the plans and initiatives of Zionists over the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Quds/ Jerusalem before and after the war and invasion of 1967 based on various Zionist ideologies. And it clarifies how the Zionist ideology has affected to Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zionism Jewish Zionism Anti-Zionists and non-Zionists Christian Zionism Al-Aqsa Mosque Bayt al-Maqdis

Kaynakça

  • AbulQaraya, Bashir. “Al-Aqsa Mosque and The Third Palestinian Intifada.” Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise, 2017.
  • Al Jubeh, Nazmi. “Bab Al-Magharibah: Joha’s Nail in the Haram al-Sharif,” 2003.
  • Alici, Mustafa. “ÜÇ KUDÜS: KUDÜS’E SİYONİST, EVANJELİK VE REEL-POLİTİK YAKLAŞIMLAR.” AKRA KÜLTÜR SANAT VE EDEBİYAT DERGİSİ 6, no. 15 (May 8, 2018): 41–58. doi:10.31126/akrajournal.390796.
  • Al-Rodhan, Nayef R. F., Graeme P. Herd, and Lisa Watanabe. “The 1948 Arab-Israeli Conflict: Initial Conditions.” In Critical Turning Points in the Middle East: 1915 - 2015, 1–249. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • “A/RES/3379 (XXX) of 10 November 1975.” Accessed April 28, 2021. https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/761C1063530766A7052566A2005B74D1.
  • Ariel, Yaakov. “Terror at the Holy of Holies: Christians and Jewish Builders of the Temple at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century,” 2007.
  • Ataov, Turkkaya. “Kudus ve Devletler Hukuku,” 1980, 29–54.
  • Awaisi, Abd-al-Fattah Muhammad el-. Introducing Islamicjerusalem. 3rd ed. Monograph on Islamicjerusalem Studies 5. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, 2007.
  • Bahat, Dan. THE JERUSALEM WESTERN WALL TUNNEL. 1st ed. Israël Exploration Society, 2013.
  • Biger, Gideon. “Territory and Space in Israeli Society and Politics.” Indiana University Press 13, no. 1 (2008): 68–93.
  • Bush, Andrew F. “The Implications of Christian Zionism for Mission.” International Bulletin of Missionary Research 33, no. 3 (July 2009): 144–50. doi:10.1177/239693930903300309.
  • Cattan, Henry. “The Status of Jerusalem: UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS.” Journal of Palestine Studies 10, no. 3 (1981): 3–15.
  • Cohen, Hillel. “The Temple Mount/al-Aqsa in Zionist and Palestinian National Consciousness: A Comparative View.” Israel Studies Review 32, no. 1 (2017): 1–19.
  • Cohen, Yoel. “THE POLITICAL ROLE OF THE ISRAELI CHIEF RABBINATE IN THE TEMPLE MOUNT QUESTION.” Jewish Political Studies Review 11, no. 1/2 (1999): 101–26.
  • Dag, Mehmet Emin. “Kudüs’e Yönelik Tehditler Görünenden Daha Büyük.” Ordaf Ortadogu ve Afrika Arastirmalri Dernegi, July 24, 2017. https://ordaf.org/kuduse-yonelik-tehditler-gorunenden-daha-buyuk/.
  • Dolphin, Lambert. “Moving Towards a Third Temple.” Accessed March 21, 2021. http://www.templemount.org/tempprep.html.
  • Freas, Erik. “The Six Day War and Its Aftermath.” In Nationalism and the Haram Al-Sharif/Temple Mount, by Erik Freas, 97–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49920-8_7.
  • Garaudy, Roger, and Nezih Uzel. Siyonizm Dosyası. Pınar Yayınları, 1983.
  • Gölnitz, Hinnerk. “International Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Barrier by Israel in the West Bank,” 2005.
  • ———. “International Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Barrier by Israel in the West Bank,” 2005.
  • Haddad, Yvonne. “Islamists and the ‘Problem of Israel’: The 1967 Awakening.” The Middle East Journal 46, no. 2 (Sipring 1992): 266.
  • Houk, Marian. “Dangerous Grounds at Al-Haram al-Sharif: The Threats to the Status Quo.” Jerusalem Quarterly, no. 63 (2015): 105
  • KIZILOĞLU, Sedat. “İsrail Devleti’nin Kuruluşuna Kadar Geçen Süreçte Yahudiler ve Siyonizm’in Gelişimi.” Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2, no. 1 (2012): 35–64.
  • Larkin, Craig, and Michael Dumper. “In Defense of Al-Aqsa: The Islamic Movement inside Israel and the Battle for Jerusalem.” The Middle East Journal 66, no. 1 (2012): 30–51.
  • Lundsten, Mary Ellen. “Wall Politics: Zionist and Palestinian Strategies in Jerusalem, 1928.” Journal of Palestine Studies 8, no. 1 (1978): 3–27.
  • Man, Omer, and Michael Schaeffer. “"Israel’s Chief Rabbi Urges Building Jewish Temple on Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif,” 2016. 972mag. com.
  • Ma’oz, Moshe. “The Role of the Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif in the Deterioration of Muslim–Jewish Relations,” 2014.
  • Miller, Kristen. “Beyond Sacred Space: The Struggle for Al-Aqsa and the Islamic Movement in Israel,” 2020.
  • Nicholson, Robert W. “Managing the Divine Jurisdiction: Sacred Space and the Limits of Law on the Temple Mount (1917-1948).” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2142245.
  • Omar, Abdallah Marouf. “Al-Aqsa Mosque’s Incident in July 2017: Affirming the Policy of Deterrence.” Insight Turkey 19, no. 3 (2017): 69–82.
  • Özkan, Ümmühan, Selda Şen, Sujūd Muḥammad Ṭāhir, İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı, and İstanbul Barış Platformu, eds. Mescid-i Aksa Sempozyumu. 1. baskı. İlmî toplantılar serisi 04. Istanbul: İHH İnsani Yardım Vakfı, 2009.
  • Persico, Tomer. “The End Point of Zionism: Ethnocentrism and the Temple Mount.” Israel Studies Review 32, no. 1 (Summer0 2017): 104–22. doi:10.3167/isr.2017.320107.
  • Rabinovich, Abraham. “Tunnel Vision.” Accessed June 10, 2020. http://www.templemount.org/tunnel.html.
  • Rabkin, Yakov M. Yahudilerin Siyonism Karsitligi The Teat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism. 1st ed. Istanbul: Iletisim yayinlari, 2018.
  • Romman, Ammon. “Dalicate Balances at the Temple Mount 1967-1999.” In Jerusalem: A City and Its Future, 292–332, 2002. Sess.: 1973-1974), UN General Assembly (28th. “Situation in South Africa Resulting from the Policies of Apartheid,” 1974. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/642340.
  • Sizer, Stephen. “Christian Zionism.” Road Map to Armageddon, 2004.
  • ———. “Christian Zionism.” Road Map to Armageddon, 2004.
  • Sulaiman, Kamal-deen Olawale. “Jerusalem as a Uniting Factor for Muslims and Christians: Historical and Scriptural Grounds.” The IAFOR Journal of Arts and Humanities II, I, 2014.
  • “The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and The State of Palestin Ee Status Report on The State of Conservation of the Old City of Jerus.” Accessed March 22, 2021. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:W6AjRpvy2VsJ:https://whc.unesco.org/document/127758+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=sg.
  • “The Six Day War,” May 29, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War.
  • Türem, Şule İsmihan. “ORTODOKS YAHUDİLİKTEKİ MESİH İNANCI VE DİNİ ÖNDERLERİN SİYONİZM’E ETKİLERİ.” PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 28–41.
  • Wistrich, Robert S. “Theodor Herzl: Zionist Icon, Myth‐maker and Social Utopian.” Israel Affairs 1, no. 3 (1995): 1–37. doi:10.1080/13517129508719336.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Esra Kalkan Özhelvacı 0000-0001-7879-1154

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kalkan Özhelvacı, Esra. “Zionism’s Plans and Attempts Against the Al-Aqsa Mosque before and After the War of 1967”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 11 (Haziran 2022): 45-69. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.929189.
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