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1948: Mekân-kırım Yoluyla Unutma Rejiminin Kuruluşu

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 9, 77 - 107, 29.06.2021

Tuğçe Ersoy Ceylan

Öz

Çalışmada belleğin topografyaya bağlı olmasından hareketle İsrail’in mekânı silerek sembolik olanı (kimlik bilincini) yok etmeye çalıştığı, bunun için çift yönlü bir unutma rejimi dayattığı öne sürülmektedir. Çalışma mekâna dair belleğin yitimi üzerinden 1948 ve sonraki dönemde Filistinli geçmişin izlerinin silinme süreçlerini ele alacaktır. Bu bağlamda Filistinli kolektif hafızasını silmeye dayalı unutma dinamikleri ile Yahudi kolektif hafızasının inşasına dair hatırlama dinamiklerinin eş zamanlı işlediğini göstermeye çalışacaktır. Çalışmada Sabranın kolektif bellek inşası için Filistinli kolektif hafızasının mekân-kırım yoluyla nasıl unutulmaya ve silinmeye maruz bırakıldığı analiz edilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mekan-kırım Unutma Rejimi Nekbe Kollektif Hafıza Bellek-kırım Sabra

Kaynakça

  • Abujidi, Nurhan. Urbicide in Palestine: Spaces of Oppression and Resilience . London: Routledge, 2014.
  • Assman, Jan. Kültürel Bellek: Eski Yüksek Kültürde Yazı, Hatırlama ve Politik. Çeviren Ayşe Tekin. İstanbul: Ayrıntı, 2015.
  • Attias, Jean-Christophe, ve Esther Benbassa. Paylaşılamayan Kutsal Topraklar ve İsrail. Çeviren Nihal Önol. İstanbul: İletişim, 2002.
  • Benvenisti, Meron. Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948 . Berkeley: California University Press, 2000.
  • Black, Ian. 1948 no catastrophe says Israel, as term nakba banned from Arab children's textbooks. 22 July 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/22/israel-remove-nakba-from-textbooks.
  • Boyer, Pascal. «Anılar Ne İşe Yarar? Hatırlamanın Biliş ve Kültürle İlgili İşlevleri.» Zihinde ve Kültürde Bellek içinde, yazan Pascal Boyer ve James V. Wertch, 5-36. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cohen, Hillel. Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict:1929. Çeviren İbraniceden Haim Watzman. Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2015.
  • Connerton, Paul. Modernite Nasıl Unutturur. Çeviren Kübra Kelebekoğlu. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • Connerton, Paul. «Seven Types of Forgetting.» Memory Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 60-71.
  • Coward, Martin. Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction . London: Routledge, 2009.
  • Davis, Rochelle A. Yerlerinden Edilenlerin Coğrafyaları: Filistin Köy Tarihleri . Çeviren Hayrullah Doğan. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2011.
  • Ersoy Ceylan, Tuğçe. İsrail’de Çatışan Kimlikler: Filistinliler ve Yahudiler. İstanbul: Küre, 2020.
  • Ersoy Ceylan, Tuğçe. «İsrail’de Liberal Demokratlığın ve Etnik Milliyetçiliğin İdeolojik Yansıması: Post-Siyonizm ve Neo-Siyonizm.» Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 8, no. 2 (2020): 431-451.
  • Falah, Gazi. «Israeli "Judaization" Policy in Galilee.» Journal of Palestine Studies 20, no. 4 (1991): 69-85.
  • Flapan, Simha. «The Palestinian Exodus of 1948.» Journal of Palestine Studies 16, no. 4 (1987): 3-26.
  • Fregonese, Sara. «The urbicide of Beirut? Geopolitics and the built environment in the Lebanese civil war (1975–1976).» 28 (2009): 309-318.
  • Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age . Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univeristy Press, 1991.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Hafıza. Çeviren Banu Barış. Ankara: Heretik, 2017.
  • Hanafi, Sari. «Explaining Spacio-cide in the Palestinian Territory: Colonization, Separation, and State of Exception.» Current Sociology 61, no. 2 (2012): 190-205.
  • Hanafi, Sari. «Spacio-cide: colonial politics, invisibility and rezoning in Palestinian territory.» Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (2009).
  • Haracic, Sejla. «Memoricide: A Punishable Behavior?» Confronting The Past: European Experiences içinde, yazan Davar Paukovic, Vjeran Pavlokovic ve Viseslav Raos, 235-265. Zagreb: Political Science Research Centre, 2012.
  • Hijazi, Aya. «Toward Spacio-cide: Building the Museum of Tolerance over the Mamilla Cemetery in Jerusalem.» Jerusalem Quarterly 67 (2016): 97-109.
  • Jewish National Fund. Martyrs' Forest - Remembering with 6 Million Trees. tarih yok. https://www.kkl-jnf.org/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/martyrs-forest.aspx (erişildi: Mayıs 8, 2021).
  • Kelman, Herbert C. «The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts.» Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 3 (1999): 581-600.
  • Khalidi, Walid. All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 . Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992.
  • Kimmerling, Baruch. Politicide: Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians . London: Verso, 2003.
  • Masalha, Nur. Expulsion of the Palestinians The Concept o f "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought 1882-1948 . Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992.
  • —. The Zionist Bible: Biblical Precedent, Colonialism and the Erasure of Memory . London: Routledge, 2013.
  • —. The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism, in Palestine-Israel . London: Zed Books, 2007.
  • Maurice Halbwachs, (Ankara: Heretik, 2017). Kolektif Hafıza. Çeviren Banu Barış. Ankara: Heretik, 2017.
  • May Seikaly. «Excavating Memory: Oral History and the Case of Suhmata.» Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi içinde, yazan Camille Mansour ve Leila Fawaz, 159-174. Cairo : The American University in Cairo Press, 2008 .
  • Memmi, Alber. The Colonizer and the Colonized [1957] . London: Earthscan, 1991.
  • Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisted. Cambrigde: Cambirdge University Press, 2004.
  • Nasasra, Mansour. «The Ongoing Judaisation of the Naqab and the Struggle for Recognising the Indigenous Rights of the Arab Bedouin People.» Settler Colonial Studies 2, no. 1 (2012): 81-107.
  • Nassar, Issam. «Colonisation by Imagination: On The Palestinian Absence From The Landscape.» City Of Collision: Jerusalem and the Principles of Conflict Urbanism içinde, yazan Philip Misselwitz ve Tim Rieniets, 222-226. Basel: Birkhauser: Birkhauser, 2006.
  • New Left Review Editorial . «Benny Morris on Ethnic Cleansing.» New Left Review, no. 26 (2004).
  • Nora, Pierre. Les Lieux de mémoire . Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
  • Pappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine . Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
  • Pappé, Ilan. Modern Filistin Tarihi: Tek Ülke İki Halk . Çeviren Nuri Plümer. İstanbul: Phoenix, 2007.
  • Piterberg, Gabriel. Siyonizmin Dönüşleri: Mitler, Siyaset ve İsrail’de Araştırmacılık. Çeviren Aysun Babacan. İstanbul: İletişim, 2015.
  • Rabkin, Yakov M. Yahudilerin Siyonizm Karşıtlığı . Çeviren Şahika Tokel. İstanbul: İletişim, 2014.
  • Ram, Uri. «Ways of Forgetting: Israel and the Obliterated Memory of the Palestinian Nakba.» Journal of Historical Sociology 22, no. 3 (2009): 366-395.
  • Raz-Krakotzkin, Amnon. «Exile, History, and the Nationalization of Jewish Memory: Some Reflections on the Zionist Notion of History and Return”.» Journal of Levantine Studies 3, no. 2 (2013): 37-70.
  • Rubin, Jessy. National park zoning used as pretex for ethnic cleansing of East Jerusalem. 29 April 2015. Electronic Intifada. www.electronicintifada.net/content/national-park-zoning-used-pretex-ethnic-cleansing-east-jerusalem/14476 .
  • Sand, Shlomo. Comment le Peuple Juif fut Inventé? . Paris: Flammarion, 2010.
  • Shahak, Israel. «A History of the Concept of "Transfer" in Zionism.» Journal of Palestine Studies 18, no. 3 (1989): 22-37.
  • Sharif, Yara. «Landscape of Time and Immobility.» Landscape Research 44, no. 7 (2019): 872-891.
  • Tuchman, Barbara W. Bible and Sword: England and Palestine from the Bronze Age to Balfour. London: Random House, 1984.
  • Wertsch, James V. «Kolektif Bellek.» Zihinde ve Kültürde Bellek içinde, yazan Pascal Boyer ve James V. Wertsch, 149-174. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları, 2015.
  • Zerubavel, Yael. Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition . Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1995.

1948: The Formation of the Regime of Forgetting via Spaciocide

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 9, 77 - 107, 29.06.2021

Tuğçe Ersoy Ceylan

Öz

In line with the fact that memory depends on topography, the study argues that by realizing spaciocide on Palestinian space emptied during the 1948 Nakba, Israel has imposed a double sided regime of forgetting. The study will elaborate the processes of the erasure of Palestinian history via loss of collective memory from 1948 onwards. Within this context, the study will seek to reveal that the dynamics of forgetting aspiring the erasure of Palestinian collective memory function simultaneously with the dynamics of remembering concerning the construction of Jewish collective memory. Therefore, the study will analyze how Palestinian collective memory is subjected to forgetting and erasure by the regime of forgetting via spaciocide in order to construct the collective memory of the New Jew, Sabra.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spaciocide Memoricide Collective Memory Nakba Regime of Forgetting Sabra

Kaynakça

  • Abujidi, Nurhan. Urbicide in Palestine: Spaces of Oppression and Resilience . London: Routledge, 2014.
  • Assman, Jan. Kültürel Bellek: Eski Yüksek Kültürde Yazı, Hatırlama ve Politik. Çeviren Ayşe Tekin. İstanbul: Ayrıntı, 2015.
  • Attias, Jean-Christophe, ve Esther Benbassa. Paylaşılamayan Kutsal Topraklar ve İsrail. Çeviren Nihal Önol. İstanbul: İletişim, 2002.
  • Benvenisti, Meron. Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948 . Berkeley: California University Press, 2000.
  • Black, Ian. 1948 no catastrophe says Israel, as term nakba banned from Arab children's textbooks. 22 July 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/22/israel-remove-nakba-from-textbooks.
  • Boyer, Pascal. «Anılar Ne İşe Yarar? Hatırlamanın Biliş ve Kültürle İlgili İşlevleri.» Zihinde ve Kültürde Bellek içinde, yazan Pascal Boyer ve James V. Wertch, 5-36. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları, 2015.
  • Cohen, Hillel. Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict:1929. Çeviren İbraniceden Haim Watzman. Waltham: Brandeis University Press, 2015.
  • Connerton, Paul. Modernite Nasıl Unutturur. Çeviren Kübra Kelebekoğlu. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • Connerton, Paul. «Seven Types of Forgetting.» Memory Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 60-71.
  • Coward, Martin. Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction . London: Routledge, 2009.
  • Davis, Rochelle A. Yerlerinden Edilenlerin Coğrafyaları: Filistin Köy Tarihleri . Çeviren Hayrullah Doğan. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2011.
  • Ersoy Ceylan, Tuğçe. İsrail’de Çatışan Kimlikler: Filistinliler ve Yahudiler. İstanbul: Küre, 2020.
  • Ersoy Ceylan, Tuğçe. «İsrail’de Liberal Demokratlığın ve Etnik Milliyetçiliğin İdeolojik Yansıması: Post-Siyonizm ve Neo-Siyonizm.» Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi 8, no. 2 (2020): 431-451.
  • Falah, Gazi. «Israeli "Judaization" Policy in Galilee.» Journal of Palestine Studies 20, no. 4 (1991): 69-85.
  • Flapan, Simha. «The Palestinian Exodus of 1948.» Journal of Palestine Studies 16, no. 4 (1987): 3-26.
  • Fregonese, Sara. «The urbicide of Beirut? Geopolitics and the built environment in the Lebanese civil war (1975–1976).» 28 (2009): 309-318.
  • Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age . Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univeristy Press, 1991.
  • Halbwachs, Maurice. Kolektif Hafıza. Çeviren Banu Barış. Ankara: Heretik, 2017.
  • Hanafi, Sari. «Explaining Spacio-cide in the Palestinian Territory: Colonization, Separation, and State of Exception.» Current Sociology 61, no. 2 (2012): 190-205.
  • Hanafi, Sari. «Spacio-cide: colonial politics, invisibility and rezoning in Palestinian territory.» Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (2009).
  • Haracic, Sejla. «Memoricide: A Punishable Behavior?» Confronting The Past: European Experiences içinde, yazan Davar Paukovic, Vjeran Pavlokovic ve Viseslav Raos, 235-265. Zagreb: Political Science Research Centre, 2012.
  • Hijazi, Aya. «Toward Spacio-cide: Building the Museum of Tolerance over the Mamilla Cemetery in Jerusalem.» Jerusalem Quarterly 67 (2016): 97-109.
  • Jewish National Fund. Martyrs' Forest - Remembering with 6 Million Trees. tarih yok. https://www.kkl-jnf.org/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/martyrs-forest.aspx (erişildi: Mayıs 8, 2021).
  • Kelman, Herbert C. «The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts.» Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 3 (1999): 581-600.
  • Khalidi, Walid. All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 . Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992.
  • Kimmerling, Baruch. Politicide: Ariel Sharon's War Against the Palestinians . London: Verso, 2003.
  • Masalha, Nur. Expulsion of the Palestinians The Concept o f "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought 1882-1948 . Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992.
  • —. The Zionist Bible: Biblical Precedent, Colonialism and the Erasure of Memory . London: Routledge, 2013.
  • —. The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism, in Palestine-Israel . London: Zed Books, 2007.
  • Maurice Halbwachs, (Ankara: Heretik, 2017). Kolektif Hafıza. Çeviren Banu Barış. Ankara: Heretik, 2017.
  • May Seikaly. «Excavating Memory: Oral History and the Case of Suhmata.» Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi içinde, yazan Camille Mansour ve Leila Fawaz, 159-174. Cairo : The American University in Cairo Press, 2008 .
  • Memmi, Alber. The Colonizer and the Colonized [1957] . London: Earthscan, 1991.
  • Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisted. Cambrigde: Cambirdge University Press, 2004.
  • Nasasra, Mansour. «The Ongoing Judaisation of the Naqab and the Struggle for Recognising the Indigenous Rights of the Arab Bedouin People.» Settler Colonial Studies 2, no. 1 (2012): 81-107.
  • Nassar, Issam. «Colonisation by Imagination: On The Palestinian Absence From The Landscape.» City Of Collision: Jerusalem and the Principles of Conflict Urbanism içinde, yazan Philip Misselwitz ve Tim Rieniets, 222-226. Basel: Birkhauser: Birkhauser, 2006.
  • New Left Review Editorial . «Benny Morris on Ethnic Cleansing.» New Left Review, no. 26 (2004).
  • Nora, Pierre. Les Lieux de mémoire . Paris: Gallimard, 1984.
  • Pappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine . Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
  • Pappé, Ilan. Modern Filistin Tarihi: Tek Ülke İki Halk . Çeviren Nuri Plümer. İstanbul: Phoenix, 2007.
  • Piterberg, Gabriel. Siyonizmin Dönüşleri: Mitler, Siyaset ve İsrail’de Araştırmacılık. Çeviren Aysun Babacan. İstanbul: İletişim, 2015.
  • Rabkin, Yakov M. Yahudilerin Siyonizm Karşıtlığı . Çeviren Şahika Tokel. İstanbul: İletişim, 2014.
  • Ram, Uri. «Ways of Forgetting: Israel and the Obliterated Memory of the Palestinian Nakba.» Journal of Historical Sociology 22, no. 3 (2009): 366-395.
  • Raz-Krakotzkin, Amnon. «Exile, History, and the Nationalization of Jewish Memory: Some Reflections on the Zionist Notion of History and Return”.» Journal of Levantine Studies 3, no. 2 (2013): 37-70.
  • Rubin, Jessy. National park zoning used as pretex for ethnic cleansing of East Jerusalem. 29 April 2015. Electronic Intifada. www.electronicintifada.net/content/national-park-zoning-used-pretex-ethnic-cleansing-east-jerusalem/14476 .
  • Sand, Shlomo. Comment le Peuple Juif fut Inventé? . Paris: Flammarion, 2010.
  • Shahak, Israel. «A History of the Concept of "Transfer" in Zionism.» Journal of Palestine Studies 18, no. 3 (1989): 22-37.
  • Sharif, Yara. «Landscape of Time and Immobility.» Landscape Research 44, no. 7 (2019): 872-891.
  • Tuchman, Barbara W. Bible and Sword: England and Palestine from the Bronze Age to Balfour. London: Random House, 1984.
  • Wertsch, James V. «Kolektif Bellek.» Zihinde ve Kültürde Bellek içinde, yazan Pascal Boyer ve James V. Wertsch, 149-174. İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları, 2015.
  • Zerubavel, Yael. Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition . Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Tuğçe Ersoy Ceylan 0000-0001-5478-3539

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ersoy Ceylan, Tuğçe. “1948: Mekân-kırım Yoluyla Unutma Rejiminin Kuruluşu”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 9 (Haziran 2021): 77-107.
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