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Demir Çağı Yazılı ve Arkeolojik Kaynaklarında İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 2, 1 - 31, 30.01.2018

Şeyma Ay Arçın

Öz

Arkeolojik çalışmalar
sonucu gün yüzüne çıkan eserlerin tarihî önemi anlaşılıncaya kadar, Eski İsrail
tarihini anlatmada kullanılan yegâne kaynak Eski Ahit idi. Eski Ahit’in Babil
kralı II. Nabukadnezar’ın M.Ö. 586 yılında Yahuda Krallığı’nı egemenliği altına
alıp buradaki halkı Babil’e sürmesinden sonra yazıya geçirildiği
düşünülmektedir. Eski Ahit İsrail halkının tarihî hafızasını ortaya
koymaktadır. Ancak yazmanların bu hafızayı kaydederken kullandığı terimlerin
farklılığı tarih yanılgısına (anakronizm) sebep olmuştur. Eski Ahit’te ortaya
çıkan bu durum bilim insanlarınca “Dört Kaynak Teorisi” adı altında
incelenmiştir. Teoriye göre Yahvist (J) metinler, metinlerin en eskisi olup
Yaratılış ve Çıkış kitaplarının bir bölümünü konu almaktadır. Elohist (E)
metinlerinin M.Ö. 750 dolaylarında yazıldığı tahmin edilmektedir. Babil sürgünü
dönemi ve sonrasında yazıldığı düşünülen Ruhbani (P) metinler ve dinî konuları
içeren M.Ö. 7. yy.’a tarihlendirilen Tesniye (D) metinleri ile Eski Ahit
tamamlanmıştır[1].
Babil kültürü ve tarih yazımı etkisi altında kaydedilen İsrail halkının kutsal
kitabı, arkeoloji biliminin gün yüzüne çıkardığı eserler doğrultusunda bilgiler
vermeye başlayınca, bilim insanlarının İsrail tarihini aydınlatmadaki araçları
çeşitlenmiştir. Özellikle Eski Ahit’in Krallar ve Tarihler kitapları Babil,
Asur ve Pers tarihleri ile eş zamanlıdır. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız, İsrail
ve Yahuda Krallıkları hakkında bilgi veren Tel Dan Steli, Meşa Steli, Kurkh
Monoliti, Siyah Dikilitaş, Tel el Rimah Steli, Lakiş Kuşatması Kabartmaları,
İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları üzerine düzenlenen Asur ve Babil seferleri
hakkında bilgi veren kral yıllıkları gibi yazılı ve arkeolojik verileri
tanıtmaktır.




[1] Mustafa Yiğitoğlu, “Hz.
Musa’ya Atfedilen Kitapların Farklı Redaksiyonları”, JASSS 5-7 (2012): 812-814.





Anahtar Kelimeler

İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları Kurkh Monoliti Siyah Dikilitaş Tel el Rimah Steli Lakiş Kuşatması

Kaynakça

  • Albirght, W.F., “Palestenian Inscriptions-The Moabite Stone”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James R. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jercey (1969): 320-321.
  • Albright, W. F., “Palestinian Inscription. The Siloam Inscription”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James R. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jercey (1969): 320-323.
  • Athas, George., The Tel Dan Inscription A Reappraisal and a New Interpretation, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 360, Sheffield Academic Press London 2003.
  • Ay Açın, Şeyma., H.Gül Küçükbezci, “Eskiçağda “Selamlaşma” ve “Huzura Çıkma”, Selamlaşma Kitabı, Ed.: Emine Gürsoy Naskali, Dergah Yay. 2018, basım aşamasında.
  • Ay Arçın, Şeyma., İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları Tarihi-Atalar Devrinden Asur ve Babil Hâkimiyetine Kadar, Ayışığı Kitapları, İstanbul 2016.
  • Ay, Şeyma., “İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları Üzerine Düzenlenen Asur Seferleri”, History Studies 3-1, (2011): 1-14. Barnett, Richard D., Erika Bleibtreu, Geoffrey Turner, Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh, British Museum Press 1998.
  • Becking, Bob., The Fall of Samaria-An Historical and Archaelogical Study, Brill, Leiden-Newyork-Köln 1992. Beitzel, Barry J., The Moody Atlas of the Bible, The Moody Bible Institute Of Chicago 2009.
  • Besalel, Yusuf., Yahudi Tarihi, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., İstanbul 2003.
  • Biran, Avraham., Joseph Naveh, “An Aramaic Stele Fragment from Tel Dan”, Israel Exploration Journal 43(2-3)(1993): 81-98.
  • Biran, Avraham., Joseph Naveh, “The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment”, Israel Exploration Journal 45-1(1995): 1-18.
  • Boroswski, Oded., “Hezekiah’s Reforms and the Revolt Against Assyria”, The Biblical Archaeologist 58-3 (1995): 148-155. Byrne, Ryan., “Early Assyrian Contacts with Arabs and the Impact on Levantine Vassal Tribute”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 331 (2003): 11-25. Cook, H. J., “Pekah”, Vetus Testamentum 14-2 (1964): 121-135.
  • Finkelstein, Israel., “Digging fort he Thurth: Archaeology of the Bible”, The Quest for the Historical Israel, Debating Archaeology and the History of Israel-Invented Lectures Delivered at the Sixth BiennialColloquium of the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism, Ed.: Brain B. Schimdt, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta (2007): 9-20.
  • Galagherr, William G., Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah, Studies in the History and Culture of ancient Near East Vol. 18, Brill, Leiden-Boston-Köln 1999.
  • Glassner, Jean-Jacques, Mesopotamian Chronicles, Ed.: Benjamin R. Foster, SBL, Brill-Leiden, Boston, 2005.
  • Grayson, A. Kirk., Assyrian and Babyloian Chronicles, Winona Lake İndiana, Eisenbrauns 2000.
  • Grayson , A. Kirk., Jamie Novotny, The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC) Part 2, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/2, Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns 2014.
  • Grayson, A. Kirk., Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC), The Royal Incriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Periods 3, University of Toronto Press, Canada 2002.
  • Holloway, Steven W., “The Quest For Sargon, Pul And Tiglath-Pileser In The Nineteenth Century”, Mesopotamia and the Bible-Comparative Explorations, Ed.: Mark W. Chavalas and K. Lawson Younger Jr, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 341, London 2002.
  • Horn, Siegfried H., The Divided Monarchy-The Kingdoms of Judah and Isreal, Ancient Israel from Amraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington DC 1999.
  • Kaiser, Walter C., A History of Israel from the Bronze Age Through the Jewish Wars, Broadman and Holdman Publisher, USA 1998.
  • Kellener, M., “The Fall of the Kingdom of Israel”, The Biblical World 25-1(1905): 1-19.
  • Klengel, Horst., Syria 3000 to 300 B.C.-A Handbook of Political History, Academia Verlag, Berlin 1992.
  • Köroğlu, Kemalettin., Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi-Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar, İletişim Yay., İstanbul 2006.
  • Köroğlu, Kemalettin., Üçtepe 1, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 1998.
  • Kuhrt, Amelie., Eskiçağda Yakındoğu II M.Ö. 3000-330, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul 2010.
  • Kupper, J.R., “Northern Mesopotamia And Syria-The Benjaminites and other Nomands, and the Habiru”, CAH 2.1, Ed.:I.E.S. Edwards vd., Cambridge University Press (2008): 1-41. Levine, Louis D., “Menahem and Tiglath-Pileser: A New Synchronism”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 206 (1972): 40-42. Liverani, Mario., Israel’s History and the History of Israel, Equinox Publishing, London 2007.
  • Liverani, Mario., The Ancient Near East-History, Society and Economy, Routledge, Newyork 2014.
  • Luckenbill, D.D., Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia II , University of Chicago Press 1927.
  • McCarter, P. Kyle., “ "Yaw, Son of 'Omri": A Philological Note on Israelite Chronology”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 216 (1974): 5-7.
  • Memiş, Ekrem., Eskiçağda Mezopotamya-En Eski Çağlardan Asur İmparatorluğu’nun Yıkılışına Kadar, Ekin Kitabevi Yayını, Bursa 2007.
  • Moran, William L., The Amarna Letters, The John Hopkins University Press, USA 1992.
  • Moscati, Sabatino., Fenikeliler, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara 2004.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Ḫabiru and Hebrews: The Transfer of a Social Term to the Literary Sphere”, JNES 45-4 (1986a): 271-288.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Hezekiah’s Fortified Cities and the “LMLK” Stamps”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 261 (1986b): 5-21.
  • Na'aman, Nadav., “Sennacherib's “Letter to God” on His Campaign to Judah”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 214 (1974): 25-39.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Sennacherib’S Campaign to Judah and the Date of the lmlk Stamps”, Vetus Testamentum 29-1 (1979): 61-86.
  • Nânâ, Mahmut., Yahudi Tarihi, Çev.; D. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Yay., İstanbul 2014.
  • Norin, Stig., “The Age of Siloam Inscription and Hezekiah’s Tunnel”, Vetus Testamentum 48-1 (1998): 37-48.
  • Oppenheim, Leo., “Babylonian and Assyrian Historical Texts”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James B. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1992.
  • Page, Stephanie., “A Stela of Adad-nirari III and Nergal-ereš from Tell al Rimah”, Iraq 30-2 (1968): 139-153.
  • Reed, William L., Fred V. Winnett, “A Fragment of an Early Moabite Inscription from Kerak”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 172 (1963): 1-9.
  • Rogerson, John., Philip R. Davies, “Was the Siloam Tunnel Built by Hezekiah?”, The Biblical Archaeologist 59-3 (1996) 138-149.
  • Rollston, Christopher A., Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel-Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age, SBL, Atlanta 2010.
  • Rowton, Michael B., “Dimorphic Structure and the Problem of the ‘apirû-ibrîm”, JNES 35-1 (1976): 13-20.
  • Schniedewind, William M., “Tel Dan Stela: New Light on Aramaic and Jehu's Revolt”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 302 (1996): 75-90.
  • Sevin, Veli., Yeni Asur Sanatı II-Assur Resim Sanatı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 2010.
  • Shea, W. H., “Adad-Nirari III and Jehoash of Israel”, JCS 30-2 (1978): 101-113.
  • Speiser, E. A., “Ethnic Movements in the Near East in the Second Millenium B.C. The Hurrians and Their Connections with the Ḫabiru and the Hyksos”, ASOR 13 (1931-1932): 13-54.
  • Stern, E., “Israel at the Close of the Period of the Monarchy: An Archaeological Survey”, The Biblical Archaeologist 38-2 (1975): 26-54.
  • Suriano, Matthew J., “Historical Geography of the Ancient Levant”, The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant c.8000-332 BCE, Ed.: Margreet L. Steiner, Ann E. Killebrew, Oxford Universty Press (2014): 9-23.
  • Tadmor, Hayim., “The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study”, JCS 12-1 (1958): 22-40.
  • Tadmor, Hayim., Shigeo Yamada, The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC), and Shalmaneser V (726–722BC) Kings of Assyria, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 1, Winona Lake Indiana Eisenbrauns 2011.
  • Ussishkin, David., “Royal Judean Storage Jars and Private Seal Impressions”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 223 (1976): 1-13
  • Van De Mieroop, Marc., Antik Yakındoğu’nun Tarihi İÖ 3000-323, Dost Kitabevi Yay., Ankara 2006.
  • Wilson, John A., “The Eperu of the Egyptian Inscriptions”, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 49-4 (1933): 275-280. Yamada, Shigeo., “The Manipulative Counting of the Euphrates Crossings in the Later Inscriptions of Shalmaneser III”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 50 (1998): 87-94.
  • Yiğitoğlu, Mustafa., “Hz. Musa’ya Atfedilen Kitapların Farklı Redaksiyonları”, JASSS 5-7(2012): 809-817.
  • Younger, K. Lawson Jr., “Recent Study on Sargon II, King of Assyria: The Implications for Biblical Studies”, Mesopotamia and the Bible-Comparative Explorations, Ed.: Mark W. Chavalas & K. Lawson Younger Jr., Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 341, London (2002): 288-329.
  • Gökçek, L. Gürkan., Asurlular, Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yay., Ankara 2015.

Israel and Judah Kingdoms in İron Age Written and Archaeological Sources

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 2, 1 - 31, 30.01.2018

Şeyma Ay Arçın

Öz

Until the historical importance of the artifacts of archeology came to light, the only source of Ancient Israel’s history was the Old Testament. It is generally accepted that the Old Testament was written by the exiles, after the kingdom of Judah was subjugated in 586 BC. by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. While the Old Testament reveals the historical memory of the people of Israel, the difference between the terms used by the writers while recording this memory has led to anachronism. This situation, which emerged in the Old Testament, has been studied by scholars under the name "Four-Source Hypothesis". By this diversity the books of Kings and Chronicles gave synchronized information with Babylonian, Assyrian and Persian histories. Our purpose in this study is to introduce the Tel Dan Stela, Mesha Stela, Kurkh Monolith, Black Obelisk, Tel el Rimah Stela, Lachish Siege Reliefs, Siloam Tunnel Inscription, building remains which are thought to be used as warehouses associated with the King Solomon period and Assyrian and Babylonian Kings Inscriptions about the expeditions on the kingdoms of Israel and Judah that enlightened the Israel and Judah Kingdoms History.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Israel and Judah Kingdoms Kurkh Monolith Black Obelisk Tell el Rimah Stela Lachish Siege

Kaynakça

  • Albirght, W.F., “Palestenian Inscriptions-The Moabite Stone”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James R. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jercey (1969): 320-321.
  • Albright, W. F., “Palestinian Inscription. The Siloam Inscription”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James R. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton-New Jercey (1969): 320-323.
  • Athas, George., The Tel Dan Inscription A Reappraisal and a New Interpretation, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 360, Sheffield Academic Press London 2003.
  • Ay Açın, Şeyma., H.Gül Küçükbezci, “Eskiçağda “Selamlaşma” ve “Huzura Çıkma”, Selamlaşma Kitabı, Ed.: Emine Gürsoy Naskali, Dergah Yay. 2018, basım aşamasında.
  • Ay Arçın, Şeyma., İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları Tarihi-Atalar Devrinden Asur ve Babil Hâkimiyetine Kadar, Ayışığı Kitapları, İstanbul 2016.
  • Ay, Şeyma., “İsrail ve Yahuda Krallıkları Üzerine Düzenlenen Asur Seferleri”, History Studies 3-1, (2011): 1-14. Barnett, Richard D., Erika Bleibtreu, Geoffrey Turner, Sculptures from the Southwest Palace of Sennacherib at Nineveh, British Museum Press 1998.
  • Becking, Bob., The Fall of Samaria-An Historical and Archaelogical Study, Brill, Leiden-Newyork-Köln 1992. Beitzel, Barry J., The Moody Atlas of the Bible, The Moody Bible Institute Of Chicago 2009.
  • Besalel, Yusuf., Yahudi Tarihi, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., İstanbul 2003.
  • Biran, Avraham., Joseph Naveh, “An Aramaic Stele Fragment from Tel Dan”, Israel Exploration Journal 43(2-3)(1993): 81-98.
  • Biran, Avraham., Joseph Naveh, “The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment”, Israel Exploration Journal 45-1(1995): 1-18.
  • Boroswski, Oded., “Hezekiah’s Reforms and the Revolt Against Assyria”, The Biblical Archaeologist 58-3 (1995): 148-155. Byrne, Ryan., “Early Assyrian Contacts with Arabs and the Impact on Levantine Vassal Tribute”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 331 (2003): 11-25. Cook, H. J., “Pekah”, Vetus Testamentum 14-2 (1964): 121-135.
  • Finkelstein, Israel., “Digging fort he Thurth: Archaeology of the Bible”, The Quest for the Historical Israel, Debating Archaeology and the History of Israel-Invented Lectures Delivered at the Sixth BiennialColloquium of the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism, Ed.: Brain B. Schimdt, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta (2007): 9-20.
  • Galagherr, William G., Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah, Studies in the History and Culture of ancient Near East Vol. 18, Brill, Leiden-Boston-Köln 1999.
  • Glassner, Jean-Jacques, Mesopotamian Chronicles, Ed.: Benjamin R. Foster, SBL, Brill-Leiden, Boston, 2005.
  • Grayson, A. Kirk., Assyrian and Babyloian Chronicles, Winona Lake İndiana, Eisenbrauns 2000.
  • Grayson , A. Kirk., Jamie Novotny, The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, King of Assyria (704–681 BC) Part 2, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 3/2, Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns 2014.
  • Grayson, A. Kirk., Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC), The Royal Incriptions of Mesopotamia Assyrian Periods 3, University of Toronto Press, Canada 2002.
  • Holloway, Steven W., “The Quest For Sargon, Pul And Tiglath-Pileser In The Nineteenth Century”, Mesopotamia and the Bible-Comparative Explorations, Ed.: Mark W. Chavalas and K. Lawson Younger Jr, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 341, London 2002.
  • Horn, Siegfried H., The Divided Monarchy-The Kingdoms of Judah and Isreal, Ancient Israel from Amraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington DC 1999.
  • Kaiser, Walter C., A History of Israel from the Bronze Age Through the Jewish Wars, Broadman and Holdman Publisher, USA 1998.
  • Kellener, M., “The Fall of the Kingdom of Israel”, The Biblical World 25-1(1905): 1-19.
  • Klengel, Horst., Syria 3000 to 300 B.C.-A Handbook of Political History, Academia Verlag, Berlin 1992.
  • Köroğlu, Kemalettin., Eski Mezopotamya Tarihi-Başlangıcından Perslere Kadar, İletişim Yay., İstanbul 2006.
  • Köroğlu, Kemalettin., Üçtepe 1, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 1998.
  • Kuhrt, Amelie., Eskiçağda Yakındoğu II M.Ö. 3000-330, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yay., İstanbul 2010.
  • Kupper, J.R., “Northern Mesopotamia And Syria-The Benjaminites and other Nomands, and the Habiru”, CAH 2.1, Ed.:I.E.S. Edwards vd., Cambridge University Press (2008): 1-41. Levine, Louis D., “Menahem and Tiglath-Pileser: A New Synchronism”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 206 (1972): 40-42. Liverani, Mario., Israel’s History and the History of Israel, Equinox Publishing, London 2007.
  • Liverani, Mario., The Ancient Near East-History, Society and Economy, Routledge, Newyork 2014.
  • Luckenbill, D.D., Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia II , University of Chicago Press 1927.
  • McCarter, P. Kyle., “ "Yaw, Son of 'Omri": A Philological Note on Israelite Chronology”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 216 (1974): 5-7.
  • Memiş, Ekrem., Eskiçağda Mezopotamya-En Eski Çağlardan Asur İmparatorluğu’nun Yıkılışına Kadar, Ekin Kitabevi Yayını, Bursa 2007.
  • Moran, William L., The Amarna Letters, The John Hopkins University Press, USA 1992.
  • Moscati, Sabatino., Fenikeliler, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara 2004.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Ḫabiru and Hebrews: The Transfer of a Social Term to the Literary Sphere”, JNES 45-4 (1986a): 271-288.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Hezekiah’s Fortified Cities and the “LMLK” Stamps”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 261 (1986b): 5-21.
  • Na'aman, Nadav., “Sennacherib's “Letter to God” on His Campaign to Judah”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 214 (1974): 25-39.
  • Na’aman, Nadav., “Sennacherib’S Campaign to Judah and the Date of the lmlk Stamps”, Vetus Testamentum 29-1 (1979): 61-86.
  • Nânâ, Mahmut., Yahudi Tarihi, Çev.; D. Ahsen Batur, Selenge Yay., İstanbul 2014.
  • Norin, Stig., “The Age of Siloam Inscription and Hezekiah’s Tunnel”, Vetus Testamentum 48-1 (1998): 37-48.
  • Oppenheim, Leo., “Babylonian and Assyrian Historical Texts”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to Old Testament, Ed.: James B. Pritchard, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1992.
  • Page, Stephanie., “A Stela of Adad-nirari III and Nergal-ereš from Tell al Rimah”, Iraq 30-2 (1968): 139-153.
  • Reed, William L., Fred V. Winnett, “A Fragment of an Early Moabite Inscription from Kerak”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 172 (1963): 1-9.
  • Rogerson, John., Philip R. Davies, “Was the Siloam Tunnel Built by Hezekiah?”, The Biblical Archaeologist 59-3 (1996) 138-149.
  • Rollston, Christopher A., Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel-Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age, SBL, Atlanta 2010.
  • Rowton, Michael B., “Dimorphic Structure and the Problem of the ‘apirû-ibrîm”, JNES 35-1 (1976): 13-20.
  • Schniedewind, William M., “Tel Dan Stela: New Light on Aramaic and Jehu's Revolt”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 302 (1996): 75-90.
  • Sevin, Veli., Yeni Asur Sanatı II-Assur Resim Sanatı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 2010.
  • Shea, W. H., “Adad-Nirari III and Jehoash of Israel”, JCS 30-2 (1978): 101-113.
  • Speiser, E. A., “Ethnic Movements in the Near East in the Second Millenium B.C. The Hurrians and Their Connections with the Ḫabiru and the Hyksos”, ASOR 13 (1931-1932): 13-54.
  • Stern, E., “Israel at the Close of the Period of the Monarchy: An Archaeological Survey”, The Biblical Archaeologist 38-2 (1975): 26-54.
  • Suriano, Matthew J., “Historical Geography of the Ancient Levant”, The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant c.8000-332 BCE, Ed.: Margreet L. Steiner, Ann E. Killebrew, Oxford Universty Press (2014): 9-23.
  • Tadmor, Hayim., “The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study”, JCS 12-1 (1958): 22-40.
  • Tadmor, Hayim., Shigeo Yamada, The Royal Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III (744–727 BC), and Shalmaneser V (726–722BC) Kings of Assyria, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period 1, Winona Lake Indiana Eisenbrauns 2011.
  • Ussishkin, David., “Royal Judean Storage Jars and Private Seal Impressions”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 223 (1976): 1-13
  • Van De Mieroop, Marc., Antik Yakındoğu’nun Tarihi İÖ 3000-323, Dost Kitabevi Yay., Ankara 2006.
  • Wilson, John A., “The Eperu of the Egyptian Inscriptions”, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 49-4 (1933): 275-280. Yamada, Shigeo., “The Manipulative Counting of the Euphrates Crossings in the Later Inscriptions of Shalmaneser III”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 50 (1998): 87-94.
  • Yiğitoğlu, Mustafa., “Hz. Musa’ya Atfedilen Kitapların Farklı Redaksiyonları”, JASSS 5-7(2012): 809-817.
  • Younger, K. Lawson Jr., “Recent Study on Sargon II, King of Assyria: The Implications for Biblical Studies”, Mesopotamia and the Bible-Comparative Explorations, Ed.: Mark W. Chavalas & K. Lawson Younger Jr., Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 341, London (2002): 288-329.
  • Gökçek, L. Gürkan., Asurlular, Bilgin Kültür Sanat Yay., Ankara 2015.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Şeyma Ay Arçın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ay Arçın, Şeyma. “Demir Çağı Yazılı Ve Arkeolojik Kaynaklarında İsrail Ve Yahuda Krallıkları”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 2 (Ocak 2018): 1-31.
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