Research Article

Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems

Number: 19 June 30, 2026
TR EN

Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems

Abstract

This study examines the role of political anthems (nasheeds) in the processes of political socialization, identity formation, and cultural resistance within Palestinian Islamic movements, with a particular focus on Hamas. Drawing on a dataset of one hundred anthems produced and circulated between 1980 and 2012, the article investigates how these songs function as vehicles for transmitting ideology, cultivating collective identities, and mobilizing political action across generations of supporters. The study asks three central questions: How do anthems contribute to political socialization within Islamic movements in Palestine? What ideological and emotional themes do they communicate? And how do they reflect the historical evolution of Hamas’s political narratives and modes of resistance? Methodologically, the research employs qualitative content analysis, combining thematic coding with close textual reading of lyrics. Twenty-two thematic categories were identified and analyzed, while supplementary interviews with poets and performers provided contextual insights into the production and circulation of nasheeds. The analysis is informed by Judith Butler’s concept of performativity and reiteration, as well as Gayatri Spivak’s reflections on representation and political voice. The findings demonstrate that Hamas-affiliated anthems function not merely as cultural expressions but as performative spaces in which political subjectivities are produced and reproduced. Recurring themes include Islamic collective identity, attachment to land and Jerusalem, exile and return, martyrdom, imprisonment, resistance, and political participation. Through repeated discursive and emotional patterns, the songs cultivate a resistant subjectivity that links faith, sacrifice, and national liberation. At the same time, they serve as mechanisms through which collective memory, ideological commitments, and emotional attachments are transmitted across generations. The article argues that political anthems should be understood not only as reflections of resistance but also as active instruments in the construction of collective identities and the performative reproduction of political struggle under conditions of occupation and settler colonialism..

Keywords

References

  1. Abed, Khalil. 1993. Tullab al-mout [Seeking for death]. In Tahiyyat Watan [Homeland Sellout].
  2. Abed, Khalil. 2002. Ya Imzannarat ibnar [O Ladies Adorned with Fire]. In Nasheed al Ghadab [Anger Anthems].
  3. Abu Ahmad. “Qawi Ya Shaʿbi” [O My People, Resist]. In The First Chant Festival. 1990.
  4. Abu Malik, “Khandaqi Qabri” [My Trench Is My Grave], in Call and Solitude, 1988.
  5. Al Ahmad, Husam. 1993. Barudati [My Gun]. In Lieuyun al-Quds Nughni [For the Eyes of Jerusalem We Sing].
  6. Aldani, Sherine. “The Role of Palestinian Political Organizations in Developing Political Awareness among University Students in the Gaza Strip.” MA thesis, Department of Middle East Studies, University of Gaza, 2010.
  7. Abu al-Fida, Nizar. “Islami Ya Quds” [Be Safe, O Jerusalem]. 1980.
  8. Abu al-Fida, Nizar. 1990. La Tirmi Slahak [Don’t Drop Your Weapons]. In The First Intifada Festival in Jordan.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Culture, Representation and Identity, Social and Cultural Anthropology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

August 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 19

APA
Bajes, D., & Özdemir, A. Y. (2026). Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, 19, 2-23. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1767434
AMA
1.Bajes D, Özdemir AY. Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems. BPS. 2026;(19):2-23. doi:10.34230/fiad.1767434
Chicago
Bajes, Dalal, and Ahmet Yusuf Özdemir. 2026. “Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity Within Hamas Anthems”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, nos. 19: 2-23. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1767434.
EndNote
Bajes D, Özdemir AY (June 1, 2026) Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems. Bulletin of Palestine Studies 19 2–23.
IEEE
[1]D. Bajes and A. Y. Özdemir, “Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems”, BPS, no. 19, pp. 2–23, June 2026, doi: 10.34230/fiad.1767434.
ISNAD
Bajes, Dalal - Özdemir, Ahmet Yusuf. “Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity Within Hamas Anthems”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies. 19 (June 1, 2026): 2-23. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1767434.
JAMA
1.Bajes D, Özdemir AY. Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems. BPS. 2026;:2–23.
MLA
Bajes, Dalal, and Ahmet Yusuf Özdemir. “Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity Within Hamas Anthems”. Bulletin of Palestine Studies, no. 19, June 2026, pp. 2-23, doi:10.34230/fiad.1767434.
Vancouver
1.Dalal Bajes, Ahmet Yusuf Özdemir. Rhythms of Resistance in Palestine: Political Socialization, Ideology and Cultural Performativity within Hamas Anthems. BPS. 2026 Jun. 1;(19):2-23. doi:10.34230/fiad.1767434

e-ISSN: 2587-1862: Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi- FiAD | Bulletin of Palestine Studies | כתב העת ללימודים פלסטיניים | مجلة دراسات فلسطينية |

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