Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Notion of Child in International Relations Discipline

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 2443 - 2456, 24.07.2023

Fatma Sarıaslan

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1185467

Öz

Abstract metni Georgia, italik, 9 punto, 1,5 satır aralığı olmalıdır. Although Childhood Studies has found its place in several academic disciplines, the situation is somewhat different for international relations. In the international relations discipline, the analyses of childhood and children are limited, and the role or agency of the child in the international system is often ignored. On the other hand, children stand out as actors that are given profound importance in the context of the political debate on universal human rights and occupy a central position. Nevertheless, although the international children’s rights regime is gradually developing with codification efforts by international organizations, it is unclear whether this regime’s approach, which sees children only as passive ‘victims,’ can effectively help children as they need. However, it is observed that the issue of children’s agency, which was primarily neglected before in the traditional state-centered approaches of the discipline of international relations, is increasingly coming to the fore, albeit late compared to other disciplines. In this respect, the study deals with the direction and how the perspective of the international relations discipline in the context of child and childhood develops, with an understanding that it is essential to include the child as an actor in the discipline of international relations. In this context, it primarily focuses on the development in the literature on the social construction of childhood and then on the scope of studies on the notion of child and childhood in the discipline of international relations, especially in the context of war and conflict.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child international relations war conflict actor.

Kaynakça

  • Ariès, Philippe (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. Çev., Robert Baldick. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Beier, J. Marshall (2015). “Children, childhoods, and security studies: an introduction”. Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 1-13.
  • BM Genel Sekreteri Çocuklar ve Silahlı Çatışma Raporu, 2021, https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC
  • Boas, George (1966). The Cult of Childhood. (Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 29). London: The Warburg Institute.
  • Boucher, David (1998). Political Theories of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brocklehurst, Helen (2016). Who's afraid of children? : children, conflict and international relations. London: Routledge.
  • Cairns, Ed (1996). Children and Political Violence, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Carpenter, R. Charli (2007). Born of War: Protecting Children of Sexual Violence Survivors in Conflict Zones. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
  • Carpenter, R. Charli (2010). Forgetting Children Born of War: Setting the Human Rights Agenda in Bosnia and Beyond. New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Cassidy, Claire (2012). “Children’s Status, Children’s Rights, and ‘Dealing With’ Children”. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 20 (1): 57–71.
  • Cohn, Ilene (1999). “The Protection of Children in Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Processes”. Harvard Humanitarian Rights Journal, 12.
  • Cohn, llene ve Guy S Goodwin-Gill (1994). Child Soldiers: The Role of Children in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
  • Crawford, Sally ve Carenza Lewis (2009). “Childhood Studies and the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past”. Childhood in the Past, 1 (1): 5-16.
  • De Berry, Jo (2001). ‘Child Soldiers and the Convention on the Rights of the Child’, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 575: 92–105
  • De Mause, Lloyd (der.) (1976). The History of Childhood. London: Souvenir Press.
  • Denov, Myriam S. (2006). “Wartime Sexual Violence: Assessing a Human Security Response to War-Affected Girls in Sierra Leone”. Security Dialogue 37 (3): 319–342.
  • Denov, Myriam S. (2010). Child Soldiers: Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Drumbl, Mark A. (2012). Reimagining Child Soldiers in International Law and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Enloe, Cynthia (1990). ‘Womenandchildren: Making Feminist Sense of the Persian Gulf Crisis’. Village Voice, 25 September. Fisher, Kirsten J. (2013). Transitional Justice for Child Soldiers: Accountability and Social Reconstruction in Post-Conflict Contexts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Giladi, Avner (1992). Children of Islam: Concepts of Childhood in Medieval Muslim Society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gonzalez, Ondina E. ve Bianca Premo (der.) (2007). Raising an Empire: Children in Early Modern Iberia and Colonial Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Happold, Matthew (2005). Child Soldiers in International Law. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Hart, Jason (2006). “Saving children: what role for anthropology?”. Anthropology today, 22 (1): 5–8.
  • Hoffmann, Stanley (1977). “An American Social Science: International Relations”. Daedalus 106 (3): 41-60.
  • Holt, John C. (1975). Escape from Childhood: The Needs and Rights of Children. London: Penguin.
  • Huynh, Kim, Bina D’Costa, ve Katrina Lee-Koo (2015).Children and Global Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jacob, Cecilia (2014). Child Security in Asia: The Impact of Armed Conflict in Cambodia and Myanmar. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Jacob, Cecilia (2015). ‘Children and armed conflict’ and the field of security studies, Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 14-28.
  • James, Allison ve Alan Prout (der.) (1997). Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood. London: Routledge.
  • Kaplan, İsmail (2005). Türkiye’de Milli Eğitim İdeolojisi, İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Kinney, Anne Behnke (2004). Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Knutsen, Karl-Eric (2017). Children: Noble Causes or Worthy Citizens?. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Kuper, Jenny (1997). International Law Concerning Child Civilians in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Lazenby, John (1989). “Hoplite Warfare”. içinde Warfare and the Ancient World, (der.) Sir John Hackett. London: Sidgwick and Jackson Ltd.
  • Macmillan, Lorraine (2009). “The Child Soldier in North-South Relations”. International Political Sociology, 3 (1): 36-52.
  • Marten, James (1998). The Children’s Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Marten, James (2018). A Very Short Introduction to the History of Childhood. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Marten, James (2019). War and Childhood in the Era of the Two World Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marx, Karl ve Friedrich Engels (2008). Komünist Manifesto. Çev., Celâl Üster ve Nur Deriş, İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Mayall, Berry (2002). Towards a Sociology of Childhood. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • McEvoy-Levy, Siobhan (der.) (2006). Troublemakers or Peacemakers? Youth and Post-Accord Peacebuilding, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Morris, Fraser (1973). Children in conflict, London: Secker and Warburg.
  • Olivier, Furley (1995). “Child Soldiers and Youths in African Conflicts: International Reactions”. içinde African Studies Centre, Occasional Paper Series No.1. UK: Coventry University.
  • Orme, Nicholas (2001). Medieval Children. New Haven, London: Yale University Press.
  • Paris İlkeleri (2007), UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/mali/media/1561/file/ParisPrinciples.pdf
  • Pollock, Linda A. (1983). Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Qvortrup, Jens, Marjetta Bardy, Giovanni Sgritta ve Helmut Wintersberger (der.) (1994). Childhood Matters, Social Theory, Practice and Politics, Aldershot: Avebury.
  • Rosen, David M. (2005). Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism. Piscataway, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Rosen, David M. (2007). “Child soldiers, international humanitarian law, and the globalization of childhood”. American anthropologist, 109 (2): 296–306
  • Shahar, Shulamith (1990). Childhood in the Middle Ages, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Singer, Peter Warren (2006). Children at War. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Thompson, Carol B. (1999). “Beyond Civil Society: Child Soldiers as Citizens in Mozambique”. Review of African Political Economy, 26 (80): 190–206.
  • Wagnsson, Charlotte, Maria Hellman ve Arita Holmberg (2010). “The Centrality of Non-Traditional Groups for Security in the Globalized Era”. International Political Sociology 4 (1): 1–14.
  • Watson, Alison M. S. (2006). “Children and International Relations: A New Site of Knowledge?”. Review of International Studies, 32: 237–250.
  • Watson, Alison M.S. (2007). “Children Born of Wartime Rape: Rights and Representations”. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 9 (1): 20-34.
  • Watson, Alison M. S. (2015). “Resilience is its own resistance: the place of children in post-conflict settlement”. Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 47-61.
  • Wessells, Michael ve Carlinda Monteiro (2006). “Psychosocial Assistance for Youth: Toward Reconstruction for Peace in Angola”. Journal of Social Issues, 62 (1): 121–139.
  • 2001 tarih ve 1379 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2009 tarih ve 1882 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2011 tarih ve 1998 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2015 tarih ve 2225 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı

Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Çocuk Nosyonu

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 2443 - 2456, 24.07.2023

Fatma Sarıaslan

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1185467

Öz

Çocuk Çalışmaları (Childhood Studies) bir dizi akademik disiplinde görece olarak kendine yer bulmuş olmasına rağmen, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini açısından durum biraz daha farklıdır. Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini bağlamında çocukluk ve çocuklara ilişkin analizlerin oldukça sınırlı olduğu; çocuğun uluslararası sistemdeki rolü ya da failliğinin genellikle göz ardı edildiği görülmektedir. Öte yandan çocukların evrensel insan haklarına ilişkin siyasi tartışma bağlamında ciddi anlamda önem verilen aktörler olarak öne çıktıkları ve merkezi bir konumda oldukları ileri sürülebilir. Ancak her ne kadar uluslararası örgütler nezdindeki kodifikasyon çalışmalarıyla uluslararası çocuk hakları rejimi giderek artan biçimde gelişme gösterse de, bu rejimin çocukları yalnızca pasif ‘kurbanlar’ olarak gören yaklaşımının, çocuklara ihtiyaç duydukları şekilde ve etkin bir biçimde yardım edebileceği belirsizdir. Bununla birlikte, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin geleneksel devlet merkezli yaklaşımlarında daha önce büyük ölçüde ihmal edilen çocukların failliği meselesinin -diğer disiplinlere kıyasla geç olsa- giderek daha fazla öne çıkmaya başladığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu itibarla çalışma, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine çocuğun aktör olarak dâhil edilmesinin elzem olduğunu ileri süren bir anlayışla, uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininin çocuk ve çocukluk bağlamındaki bakış açısının ne yönde ve nasıl geliştiğini ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle çocukluğun sosyal inşasına ilişkin literatürdeki gelişmeye ve sonra da uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde özellikle savaş ve çatışma bağlamında çocuk ve çocukluk nosyonuna ilişkin çalışmaların kapsamına odaklanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk uluslararası ilişkiler savaş çatışma aktör.

Kaynakça

  • Ariès, Philippe (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. Çev., Robert Baldick. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Beier, J. Marshall (2015). “Children, childhoods, and security studies: an introduction”. Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 1-13.
  • BM Genel Sekreteri Çocuklar ve Silahlı Çatışma Raporu, 2021, https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC
  • Boas, George (1966). The Cult of Childhood. (Studies of the Warburg Institute, vol. 29). London: The Warburg Institute.
  • Boucher, David (1998). Political Theories of International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brocklehurst, Helen (2016). Who's afraid of children? : children, conflict and international relations. London: Routledge.
  • Cairns, Ed (1996). Children and Political Violence, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Carpenter, R. Charli (2007). Born of War: Protecting Children of Sexual Violence Survivors in Conflict Zones. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
  • Carpenter, R. Charli (2010). Forgetting Children Born of War: Setting the Human Rights Agenda in Bosnia and Beyond. New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Cassidy, Claire (2012). “Children’s Status, Children’s Rights, and ‘Dealing With’ Children”. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 20 (1): 57–71.
  • Cohn, Ilene (1999). “The Protection of Children in Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Processes”. Harvard Humanitarian Rights Journal, 12.
  • Cohn, llene ve Guy S Goodwin-Gill (1994). Child Soldiers: The Role of Children in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
  • Crawford, Sally ve Carenza Lewis (2009). “Childhood Studies and the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past”. Childhood in the Past, 1 (1): 5-16.
  • De Berry, Jo (2001). ‘Child Soldiers and the Convention on the Rights of the Child’, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 575: 92–105
  • De Mause, Lloyd (der.) (1976). The History of Childhood. London: Souvenir Press.
  • Denov, Myriam S. (2006). “Wartime Sexual Violence: Assessing a Human Security Response to War-Affected Girls in Sierra Leone”. Security Dialogue 37 (3): 319–342.
  • Denov, Myriam S. (2010). Child Soldiers: Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Drumbl, Mark A. (2012). Reimagining Child Soldiers in International Law and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Enloe, Cynthia (1990). ‘Womenandchildren: Making Feminist Sense of the Persian Gulf Crisis’. Village Voice, 25 September. Fisher, Kirsten J. (2013). Transitional Justice for Child Soldiers: Accountability and Social Reconstruction in Post-Conflict Contexts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Giladi, Avner (1992). Children of Islam: Concepts of Childhood in Medieval Muslim Society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gonzalez, Ondina E. ve Bianca Premo (der.) (2007). Raising an Empire: Children in Early Modern Iberia and Colonial Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Happold, Matthew (2005). Child Soldiers in International Law. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Hart, Jason (2006). “Saving children: what role for anthropology?”. Anthropology today, 22 (1): 5–8.
  • Hoffmann, Stanley (1977). “An American Social Science: International Relations”. Daedalus 106 (3): 41-60.
  • Holt, John C. (1975). Escape from Childhood: The Needs and Rights of Children. London: Penguin.
  • Huynh, Kim, Bina D’Costa, ve Katrina Lee-Koo (2015).Children and Global Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jacob, Cecilia (2014). Child Security in Asia: The Impact of Armed Conflict in Cambodia and Myanmar. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Jacob, Cecilia (2015). ‘Children and armed conflict’ and the field of security studies, Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 14-28.
  • James, Allison ve Alan Prout (der.) (1997). Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood. London: Routledge.
  • Kaplan, İsmail (2005). Türkiye’de Milli Eğitim İdeolojisi, İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Kinney, Anne Behnke (2004). Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Knutsen, Karl-Eric (2017). Children: Noble Causes or Worthy Citizens?. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Kuper, Jenny (1997). International Law Concerning Child Civilians in Armed Conflict. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Lazenby, John (1989). “Hoplite Warfare”. içinde Warfare and the Ancient World, (der.) Sir John Hackett. London: Sidgwick and Jackson Ltd.
  • Macmillan, Lorraine (2009). “The Child Soldier in North-South Relations”. International Political Sociology, 3 (1): 36-52.
  • Marten, James (1998). The Children’s Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Marten, James (2018). A Very Short Introduction to the History of Childhood. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Marten, James (2019). War and Childhood in the Era of the Two World Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Marx, Karl ve Friedrich Engels (2008). Komünist Manifesto. Çev., Celâl Üster ve Nur Deriş, İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Mayall, Berry (2002). Towards a Sociology of Childhood. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • McEvoy-Levy, Siobhan (der.) (2006). Troublemakers or Peacemakers? Youth and Post-Accord Peacebuilding, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Morris, Fraser (1973). Children in conflict, London: Secker and Warburg.
  • Olivier, Furley (1995). “Child Soldiers and Youths in African Conflicts: International Reactions”. içinde African Studies Centre, Occasional Paper Series No.1. UK: Coventry University.
  • Orme, Nicholas (2001). Medieval Children. New Haven, London: Yale University Press.
  • Paris İlkeleri (2007), UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/mali/media/1561/file/ParisPrinciples.pdf
  • Pollock, Linda A. (1983). Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Qvortrup, Jens, Marjetta Bardy, Giovanni Sgritta ve Helmut Wintersberger (der.) (1994). Childhood Matters, Social Theory, Practice and Politics, Aldershot: Avebury.
  • Rosen, David M. (2005). Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism. Piscataway, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Rosen, David M. (2007). “Child soldiers, international humanitarian law, and the globalization of childhood”. American anthropologist, 109 (2): 296–306
  • Shahar, Shulamith (1990). Childhood in the Middle Ages, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Singer, Peter Warren (2006). Children at War. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Thompson, Carol B. (1999). “Beyond Civil Society: Child Soldiers as Citizens in Mozambique”. Review of African Political Economy, 26 (80): 190–206.
  • Wagnsson, Charlotte, Maria Hellman ve Arita Holmberg (2010). “The Centrality of Non-Traditional Groups for Security in the Globalized Era”. International Political Sociology 4 (1): 1–14.
  • Watson, Alison M. S. (2006). “Children and International Relations: A New Site of Knowledge?”. Review of International Studies, 32: 237–250.
  • Watson, Alison M.S. (2007). “Children Born of Wartime Rape: Rights and Representations”. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 9 (1): 20-34.
  • Watson, Alison M. S. (2015). “Resilience is its own resistance: the place of children in post-conflict settlement”. Critical Studies on Security, 3 (1): 47-61.
  • Wessells, Michael ve Carlinda Monteiro (2006). “Psychosocial Assistance for Youth: Toward Reconstruction for Peace in Angola”. Journal of Social Issues, 62 (1): 121–139.
  • 2001 tarih ve 1379 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2009 tarih ve 1882 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2011 tarih ve 1998 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
  • 2015 tarih ve 2225 Sayılı BM Güvenlik Konseyi Kararı
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm DERLEME
Yazarlar

Fatma Sarıaslan 0000-0002-9295-6477

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıaslan, F. (2023). Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Çocuk Nosyonu. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(2), 2443-2456. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1185467
 Kapak Resmi İndir

  Bilginin ışığında aydınlanmak dileğiyle....

 ODÜSOBİAD