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TURKEY'S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 148 - 171, 31.12.2023

Öz

After the Russia-Ukraine war, energy politics has become a subject of security studies due to the European states' energy dependency on Russian natural gas. With the Russia-Ukraine war, Eastern Mediterranean gas has become more critical for the EU's energy security. However, the ongoing disputes and impossibilities regarding the transfer of Eastern Mediterranean gas to Europe have opened the door for the actors to re-evaluate the securitized energy relations. Turkey has been securitizing discovered energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean with discourses on the violation of its maritime sovereignty and ignoring the Turkish Cypriots by the actors in the region. This paper argues that Turkey's energy politics in the region tends to take the opposite direction, from securitization to desecuritization. Turkey's decades-long energy hub projects will serve to this end and gain more importance for Europe. In this sense, Turkey accelerated its desecuritization initiatives by taking normalization steps with the regional actors Israel, Egypt, and Greece, against which Turkey securitized energy resources.

Kaynakça

  • Akşit, S. (2021). Türkiye’s transatlantic relations, eastern mediterranean, and the changing nature of Turkish-Greek disputes. E. K. Sönmez and Ç. Üstün (Eds.), Türkiye’s changing transatlantic relations. Lanham, Lexington.
  • Al-Fawwaz, A. (2021). Egypt-Türkiye relations towards Libya: Political and economic dimensions. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 7(3), 356-372.
  • Anadolu Agency. (2022). Putin proposes building natural gas hub in Türkiye. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/energy-diplomacy/putin-proposes-building-natural-gas-hub-in-turkiye/36614.
  • Andrei, R. (2022). Türkiye’s energy strategy: In search of an upgraded political and energy status. Natural gas at the frontline between the EU, Russia, and Türkiye: A conflict-cooperation perpetuum. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Ataman, M. (2023). The ‘century of Türkiye’. Insight Türkiye, 25(3), 73-96.
  • Bakeer, A. (2022). Analysis - Türkiye and Egypt: Normalization process in eastern mediterranean. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/analysis-turkiye-and-egypt-normalization-process-in-eastern-mediterranean/2604873
  • Balzacq, T., Léonard, S., and Ruzicka, J. (2016). ‘Securitization’ revisited: Theory and cases. International relations, 30(4), 494-531.
  • Basuki, L. W. (2023). Impact of the Russia Ukraine conflict on economic deglobalization. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 4(3), 277-299.
  • Başeren, S. H. (2021). Root causes of the eastern mediterranean dispute: Approaches of the main actors. Insight Türkiye, 23(1), 11-22.
  • Blazev, A. S. (2021). Energy security for the 21st century. CRC Press.
  • Buzan, B. (2015). The English school: A neglected approach to International Security Studies. Security Dialogue, 46(2), 126–143.
  • Buzan, B., and Waever, O. (2009). Macrosecuritization and security constellations: Reconsidering scale in Securitization theory. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 253-276.
  • Buzan, B., Waever, O., and De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Carlson, S. (2016). Pivoting energy relations in the eastern mediterranean. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 67-78.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2013). Türkiye and the new energy politics of the Black Sea region. Neighbourhood Policy Paper, 5, 1-10.
  • Dağ, R., and Fırat, M. F. (2020). Securitization and desecuritization of energy resources: Insights from Alsace-Lorraine for Cyprus island. Janus Net E-journal of International Relation, 11, 1-18.
  • Dang, T. (2023). Turkstream: Its origins and role as an instrument for Russian influence in the black sea. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.
  • Daily Sabah. (2022). Türkiye could ‘easily’ transmit Israeli gas abroad: Dönmez. Retrieved from: https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/Türkiye-could-easily-transmit-israeli-gas-abroad-donmez
  • Diamantidi, E. (2023). The 2023 Turkish earthquake: A case study of disaster diplomacy between Greece and Türkiye. Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis, Malmö University.
  • Elias, A. R. (2019). Estimating the size of the levantine east mediterranean hydrocarbon basin. S. Atallah and B. Fattouh (Eds.), The future of petroleum in Lebanon: energy, politics and economic growth. I. B. Tauris.
  • Erdoğan, A., and Habash, L. (2020). US policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict under the Trump administration. Insight Türkiye, 22(1), 125-146.
  • European Gas Hub. (n.d.). Turkey’s dream of a natural gas hub. Retrieved from: https://www.europeangashub.com/report-presentation/turkeys-dream-of-a-natural-gas-hub
  • Eurostat Comext. (2023). European natural gas imports metadata. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/newxtweb/
  • Fishman, B. (2023). Changing Egyptian-Turkish dynamics may create opportunities for Libya. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved from: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/changing-egyptian-turkish-dynamics-may-create-opportunities-libya.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2022). Between escalation and détente: Greek-Turkish relations in the aftermath of the eastern mediterranean crisis. Turkish Studies, 23(5), 802-820.
  • Hafner, M., and Raimondi, P. P. (2020). Priorities and challenges of the EU energy transition: From the European Green package to the new green deal. Russian Journal of Economics, 6(4), 374-389.
  • Harari, M., and Sözen, A. (2023). Lebanon and Israel: Natural resources and security interests as catalysts for conflict resolution. A. Sözen, N. Goren, and C. Limon (Eds.). Conflict Resolution in the Mediterranean: Energy as a Potential Game-Changer, 23.
  • Hartmann, K. A. (2022). South Caucasus as an infrastructural bridge between Asia and Europe: Domestic drivers, external interests, and competing projects. Unpublished Master's Degree Thesis, Luiss Guido Carli.
  • Huysmans, J. (2000). The European Union and the securitization of migration. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5), 751-777.
  • Jia, B. B. (2014). The principle of the domination of the land over the sea: A historical perspective on the adaptability of the law of the sea to new challenges. German YB Int’l L., 57, 63.
  • Kısacık, S. (2023). Energy security policies of the Republic of Türkiye in the 21st century: Can the target of decreasing energy dependency be achievable?. Upa Strategic Affairs, 4(2), 171-203.
  • Mann, Y. (2023). The global oil market and the status of the Suez canal. C. Lutmar and Z., Rubinovitz (Eds.), The Suez canal: Past lessons and future challenges (pp. 95-114). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Naval News. (2023). NATO allies wrap up neptune strike 2023-2 large-scale exercise. Retrieved from: https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/07/nato-allies-wrap-up-neptune-strike-2023-2-large-scale-exercise/
  • Nedelcu, L. I., and Rusu, E. (2022). Research overview concerning the maritime industry: An evaluation of the trends and topics in the Black Sea area. Scientific Bulletin’ Mircea cel Batran’ Naval Academy, 25(2). Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2023). Natural gas pipelines. Retrieved from: https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-dogal-gaz-boru-hatkari-en.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2007). Press release regarding the efforts of the Greek administration of southern Cyprus of southern Cyprus to sign bilateral agreements concerning maritime jurisdiction areas with the countries in the eastern mediterranean. Retrieved from: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/_p_30-january-2007_-press-release-regarding-the-efforts-of-the-greek-cypriot-administration-of-southern-cyprus-to-sign-bilateral-agreements-concerning-maritime-jurisdiction-areas-with-the-countries-in-the-eastern mediterranean_br___p_.en.mfa
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Türkiye’s international energy strategy. Retrieved from: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiyes-energy-strategy.en.mfa.
  • Salsabila, H., Prasodjo, H., and Suhermanto, D. F. (2022). Türkiye’s efforts to normalize diplomatic relations with Israel after withdrawal of ambassadors both of the two countries in 2018. Global Political Studies Journal, 6(2), 151-168.
  • Schenk, C. J., Kirschbaum, M. A., Charpentier, R. R., Klett, T. R., Brownfield, M. E., Pitman, J. K., ... & Tennyson, M. E. (2010). Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the levant basin province, Eastern mediterranean: US geological survey fact sheet 2010-3014.
  • Schislyaeva, E., Evgrafova, I., Butakova, N., and Mishalchenko, Y. (2022). The EU-Russia-Türkiye energy triangle: Legal and economic conditions of gas transportation via the TurkStream pipeline. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 1984-1990.
  • Singh, M. (2022). Axis of Abraham: Arab-Israeli normalization could remake the middle east. Foreign Affairs, 101, 40.
  • Snyder, G. H. (2014). Mearsheimer’s world: Offensive realism and the struggle for security. C. Elman and M. Jensen (Eds.), The Realism Reader. Routledge.
  • Stergiou, A. (2023). Eastern Mediterranean energy geopolitics revisited: Green economy instead of conflict. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 25(4), 604-625.
  • Turgut, H., and Çakır, A. (2023). Drop Türkiye from NATO now: Construction of anti-Türkiye discourse in the US public opinion. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10, 20-48.
  • Waever, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization. New York: Columbia University Press. Warner, J., and Boas, I. (2017). Securitization of climate change: The risk of exaggeration. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20, 203-224.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring energy security. Foreign Affairs, 69-82.

RUSYA-UKRAYNA SAVAŞI SONRASINDA TÜRKİYE'NİN DOĞU AKDENİZ'DEKİ ENERJİ KAYNAKLARINI GÜVENLİKDIŞILAŞTIRMASI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 148 - 171, 31.12.2023

Öz

Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı sonrasında Avrupa devletlerinin Rusya doğalgazına olan bağımlılığı nedeniyle enerji politikaları güvenlik çalışmalarının konusu haline gelmiştir. Rusya-Ukrayna savaşıyla birlikte Doğu Akdeniz gazı AB'nin enerji güvenliği açısından çok daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Ancak Doğu Akdeniz gazının Avrupa'ya transferi konusunda süregelen anlaşmazlıklar ve imkansızlıklar, aktörlerin güvenlikleştirilmiş enerji ilişkilerini yeniden değerlendirmelerinin kapısını araladı. Türkiye, bölgedeki aktörler tarafından deniz egemenliğinin ihlal edildiği ve Kıbrıs Türklerinin görmezden gelindiği söylemleriyle Doğu Akdeniz'de keşfedilen enerji kaynaklarını güvenlikleştirmiştir. Bu makale, Türkiye'nin bölgedeki enerji politikalarının, güvenlikleştirmeden güvenlikdışılaştırmaya doğru ters yönde ilerleme eğiliminde olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Türkiye'nin onlarca yıldır sürdürdüğü enerji merkezi olma projeleri bu amaca hizmet etmiş ve Avrupa açısından daha da önem kazanmıştır. Bu anlamda Türkiye, enerji kaynaklarını güvenlikleştirdiği bölgesel aktörlerle İsrail, Mısır ve Yunanistan, normalleşme adımları atarak, güvenlikdışılaştırma girişimlerini hızlandırmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akşit, S. (2021). Türkiye’s transatlantic relations, eastern mediterranean, and the changing nature of Turkish-Greek disputes. E. K. Sönmez and Ç. Üstün (Eds.), Türkiye’s changing transatlantic relations. Lanham, Lexington.
  • Al-Fawwaz, A. (2021). Egypt-Türkiye relations towards Libya: Political and economic dimensions. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 7(3), 356-372.
  • Anadolu Agency. (2022). Putin proposes building natural gas hub in Türkiye. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/energy-diplomacy/putin-proposes-building-natural-gas-hub-in-turkiye/36614.
  • Andrei, R. (2022). Türkiye’s energy strategy: In search of an upgraded political and energy status. Natural gas at the frontline between the EU, Russia, and Türkiye: A conflict-cooperation perpetuum. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Ataman, M. (2023). The ‘century of Türkiye’. Insight Türkiye, 25(3), 73-96.
  • Bakeer, A. (2022). Analysis - Türkiye and Egypt: Normalization process in eastern mediterranean. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/analysis-turkiye-and-egypt-normalization-process-in-eastern-mediterranean/2604873
  • Balzacq, T., Léonard, S., and Ruzicka, J. (2016). ‘Securitization’ revisited: Theory and cases. International relations, 30(4), 494-531.
  • Basuki, L. W. (2023). Impact of the Russia Ukraine conflict on economic deglobalization. Journal of Social Political Sciences, 4(3), 277-299.
  • Başeren, S. H. (2021). Root causes of the eastern mediterranean dispute: Approaches of the main actors. Insight Türkiye, 23(1), 11-22.
  • Blazev, A. S. (2021). Energy security for the 21st century. CRC Press.
  • Buzan, B. (2015). The English school: A neglected approach to International Security Studies. Security Dialogue, 46(2), 126–143.
  • Buzan, B., and Waever, O. (2009). Macrosecuritization and security constellations: Reconsidering scale in Securitization theory. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 253-276.
  • Buzan, B., Waever, O., and De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Carlson, S. (2016). Pivoting energy relations in the eastern mediterranean. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(1), 67-78.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2013). Türkiye and the new energy politics of the Black Sea region. Neighbourhood Policy Paper, 5, 1-10.
  • Dağ, R., and Fırat, M. F. (2020). Securitization and desecuritization of energy resources: Insights from Alsace-Lorraine for Cyprus island. Janus Net E-journal of International Relation, 11, 1-18.
  • Dang, T. (2023). Turkstream: Its origins and role as an instrument for Russian influence in the black sea. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.
  • Daily Sabah. (2022). Türkiye could ‘easily’ transmit Israeli gas abroad: Dönmez. Retrieved from: https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/Türkiye-could-easily-transmit-israeli-gas-abroad-donmez
  • Diamantidi, E. (2023). The 2023 Turkish earthquake: A case study of disaster diplomacy between Greece and Türkiye. Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis, Malmö University.
  • Elias, A. R. (2019). Estimating the size of the levantine east mediterranean hydrocarbon basin. S. Atallah and B. Fattouh (Eds.), The future of petroleum in Lebanon: energy, politics and economic growth. I. B. Tauris.
  • Erdoğan, A., and Habash, L. (2020). US policy toward the Israeli-Palestinian conflict under the Trump administration. Insight Türkiye, 22(1), 125-146.
  • European Gas Hub. (n.d.). Turkey’s dream of a natural gas hub. Retrieved from: https://www.europeangashub.com/report-presentation/turkeys-dream-of-a-natural-gas-hub
  • Eurostat Comext. (2023). European natural gas imports metadata. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/newxtweb/
  • Fishman, B. (2023). Changing Egyptian-Turkish dynamics may create opportunities for Libya. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved from: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/changing-egyptian-turkish-dynamics-may-create-opportunities-libya.
  • Grigoriadis, I. N. (2022). Between escalation and détente: Greek-Turkish relations in the aftermath of the eastern mediterranean crisis. Turkish Studies, 23(5), 802-820.
  • Hafner, M., and Raimondi, P. P. (2020). Priorities and challenges of the EU energy transition: From the European Green package to the new green deal. Russian Journal of Economics, 6(4), 374-389.
  • Harari, M., and Sözen, A. (2023). Lebanon and Israel: Natural resources and security interests as catalysts for conflict resolution. A. Sözen, N. Goren, and C. Limon (Eds.). Conflict Resolution in the Mediterranean: Energy as a Potential Game-Changer, 23.
  • Hartmann, K. A. (2022). South Caucasus as an infrastructural bridge between Asia and Europe: Domestic drivers, external interests, and competing projects. Unpublished Master's Degree Thesis, Luiss Guido Carli.
  • Huysmans, J. (2000). The European Union and the securitization of migration. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(5), 751-777.
  • Jia, B. B. (2014). The principle of the domination of the land over the sea: A historical perspective on the adaptability of the law of the sea to new challenges. German YB Int’l L., 57, 63.
  • Kısacık, S. (2023). Energy security policies of the Republic of Türkiye in the 21st century: Can the target of decreasing energy dependency be achievable?. Upa Strategic Affairs, 4(2), 171-203.
  • Mann, Y. (2023). The global oil market and the status of the Suez canal. C. Lutmar and Z., Rubinovitz (Eds.), The Suez canal: Past lessons and future challenges (pp. 95-114). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Naval News. (2023). NATO allies wrap up neptune strike 2023-2 large-scale exercise. Retrieved from: https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/07/nato-allies-wrap-up-neptune-strike-2023-2-large-scale-exercise/
  • Nedelcu, L. I., and Rusu, E. (2022). Research overview concerning the maritime industry: An evaluation of the trends and topics in the Black Sea area. Scientific Bulletin’ Mircea cel Batran’ Naval Academy, 25(2). Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2023). Natural gas pipelines. Retrieved from: https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgi-merkezi-dogal-gaz-boru-hatkari-en.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2007). Press release regarding the efforts of the Greek administration of southern Cyprus of southern Cyprus to sign bilateral agreements concerning maritime jurisdiction areas with the countries in the eastern mediterranean. Retrieved from: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/_p_30-january-2007_-press-release-regarding-the-efforts-of-the-greek-cypriot-administration-of-southern-cyprus-to-sign-bilateral-agreements-concerning-maritime-jurisdiction-areas-with-the-countries-in-the-eastern mediterranean_br___p_.en.mfa
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2023). Türkiye’s international energy strategy. Retrieved from: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/Türkiyes-energy-strategy.en.mfa.
  • Salsabila, H., Prasodjo, H., and Suhermanto, D. F. (2022). Türkiye’s efforts to normalize diplomatic relations with Israel after withdrawal of ambassadors both of the two countries in 2018. Global Political Studies Journal, 6(2), 151-168.
  • Schenk, C. J., Kirschbaum, M. A., Charpentier, R. R., Klett, T. R., Brownfield, M. E., Pitman, J. K., ... & Tennyson, M. E. (2010). Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the levant basin province, Eastern mediterranean: US geological survey fact sheet 2010-3014.
  • Schislyaeva, E., Evgrafova, I., Butakova, N., and Mishalchenko, Y. (2022). The EU-Russia-Türkiye energy triangle: Legal and economic conditions of gas transportation via the TurkStream pipeline. Transportation Research Procedia, 63, 1984-1990.
  • Singh, M. (2022). Axis of Abraham: Arab-Israeli normalization could remake the middle east. Foreign Affairs, 101, 40.
  • Snyder, G. H. (2014). Mearsheimer’s world: Offensive realism and the struggle for security. C. Elman and M. Jensen (Eds.), The Realism Reader. Routledge.
  • Stergiou, A. (2023). Eastern Mediterranean energy geopolitics revisited: Green economy instead of conflict. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 25(4), 604-625.
  • Turgut, H., and Çakır, A. (2023). Drop Türkiye from NATO now: Construction of anti-Türkiye discourse in the US public opinion. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10, 20-48.
  • Waever, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization. New York: Columbia University Press. Warner, J., and Boas, I. (2017). Securitization of climate change: The risk of exaggeration. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20, 203-224.
  • Yergin, D. (2006). Ensuring energy security. Foreign Affairs, 69-82.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası Güvenlik, Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ferhat Fırat 0000-0002-2066-3763

Rahman Dağ 0000-0002-4198-2851

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Fırat, M. F., & Dağ, R. (2023). TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 5(2), 148-171.
AMA Fırat MF, Dağ R. TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR. Novus Orbis. Aralık 2023;5(2):148-171.
Chicago Fırat, Mehmet Ferhat, ve Rahman Dağ. “TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 148-71.
EndNote Fırat MF, Dağ R (01 Aralık 2023) TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 5 2 148–171.
IEEE M. F. Fırat ve R. Dağ, “TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR”, Novus Orbis, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 148–171, 2023.
ISNAD Fırat, Mehmet Ferhat - Dağ, Rahman. “TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 5/2 (Aralık 2023), 148-171.
JAMA Fırat MF, Dağ R. TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR. Novus Orbis. 2023;5:148–171.
MLA Fırat, Mehmet Ferhat ve Rahman Dağ. “TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR”. Novus Orbis: Siyaset Bilimi Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 148-71.
Vancouver Fırat MF, Dağ R. TURKEY’S DESECURITIZATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AFTER RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR. Novus Orbis. 2023;5(2):148-71.