Öz
It is known that the unit of analysis, level, and dimensions of the security phenomenon, which is subjected to a binary distinction as traditional and contemporary, has been transformed in parallel with the developments in the national and international arena. With the expansion of the boundaries of the traditional understanding that emphasizes military power, it is witnessed that many issues ranging from the economy to human rights have become the subject of security, securitized or de-securitized. In this environment, it is seen that the traditional understanding of security is being eroded and there is an increasing tendency towards a contemporary security approach. There are, however, situations in which state defense, military power, and capacity regain importance due to problems emerging within the international system and the actions and policies taken by states in response to those problems. In this context, it is seen that Japan, which is trying to pursue an active policy in the region due to security concerns, has taken remarkable steps with its New Security Strategy embodied in the documents published in December 2022. The documents, which generally point to the threat and insecurity perceived from the actions of Russia, North Korea, and China, emphasize military power and capacity, and it is understood that the traditional understanding of security has regained importance by exceeding the contemporary security approach.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Japan New Security Strategy Traditional Security Contemporary Security
Kaynakça
- Ashley, R. (2023). Japan’s new national security strategy is making waves. https://www.fpri.org/article/2023/01/japans-new-national-security-strategy-is-making-waves/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Baba, G. (2019). Japonya’nın savunma politikasındaki dönüşüm. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/japonya- nin-savunma-politikasindaki-donusum/1423671 Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of the cold war. World Politics. 48(1), 117-141.
- Buzan, B. (2015). İnsanlar, devletler ve korku. (E. Çıtak, Çev.). İstanbul: Uluslararası İlişkiler Kütüphanesi.
- Buzan, B. (1991). New patterns of global security in the twenty-first century. International Affairs, 67(3), 431-451.
- Buzan, B., Wæver, O. (2003), Regions and powers: The structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Buzan, B., Wæver, O. (2009). Macrosecuritisation and security constellations: Reconsidering scale in securitisation Theory. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 253-276.
- Galic, M. (2022). What you need know about Japan’s new national security strategy. https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/12/what-you-need-know-about-japans-new-national-security- strategy Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Haftendorn, H. (1991). The security puzzle: Theory-building and discipline-building in international security. International Studies Quarterly. 35(1), 3-17.
- Herz, J. H. (1950). Idealist internationalism and the security dilemma. World Politics. 2(2),157-180.
- Jervis, R. (2017). Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton University Press.
- Krause, K., Williams, C. M. (1996). Broadening the agenda of security studies politics and methods. Mershon International Studies Review, 40(2), 229-254.
- Nagy, S. (2022). Pragmatic realism and Japan’s new security strategy. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2022/12/25/commentary/japan-commentary/japan-defense/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Nagy, S. (2023). Pragmatic realism, Japan’s new national security strategy and its implications for Australia. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/pragmatic-realism-japans-new-national- security-strategy-and-its-implications-for-australia/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Defence Strategy, (2022). https://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/agenda/guideline/strategy/pdf/strategy_en.pdf Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Program Guidelines and Medium Term Defense Program, (2022). https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_policy/basis/guideline/index.html Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Security Strategy of Japan, (2022). https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/siryou/221216anzenhoshou/nss-e.pdf Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Pohlkamp, E.K. (2023). Setting the course: Japan’s new security strategy. https://ecfr.eu/article/setting-the- course-japans-new-security-strategy/ Erişim: 01.02.2023.
- The Constitution of Japan, (1947). https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Ullman, R. H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security. 8(1), 129-153.
- Waltz, K. N. (1959). Man, the state, and war: A theoretical analysis. Colombia University Press.
- Waltz, K. N. (1990). Realist thought and neorealist theory. Journal of International Affairs. 44(1), 21-37.
Öz
Geleneksel ve çağdaş şeklinde ikili bir ayrıma tabi tutulan güvenlik olgusunun ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yaşanan gelişmelere koşut olarak analiz birimi, seviyesi ve boyutlarının dönüşüme uğradığı bilinmektedir. Salt askeri güce vurgu yapan geleneksel anlayışın sınırlarının genişlemesi ile ekonomiden insan haklarına kadar birçok meselenin güvenliğin konusu hâline geldiğine, güvenlikleştirildiğine veya güvenlikdışılaştırıldığına şahit olunmaktadır. Mevzubahis ortamda geleneksel güvenlik anlayışının aşınmaya uğradığı ve çağdaş güvenlik yaklaşımına doğru artan bir eğilimin bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte uluslararası sistem dâhilinde ortaya çıkan sorunlar, devletlerin sorunlar karşısındaki eylem ve politikaları ile devlet savunmasının, askeri güç ve kapasitenin yeniden önem kazandığı örnek olaylarla da karşılaşılmaktadır. Hint-Pasifik bölgesinde son zamanlarda yaşanan gelişmeler, bölgesel alt sistemdeki mevcut düzene yönelik tehdit algıları ve bölge ülkelerinin tutum ve tepkileri bahsi geçen görüşü doğrular niteliktedir. Bu bağlamda güvenlik kaygıları nedeniyle bölgede aktif bir politika izlemeye çalışan Japonya’nın Aralık 2022’de yayımlamış olduğu belgelerde somutlaşan Yeni Güvenlik Stratejisi ile dikkat çekici adımlar attığı görülmektedir. Genel olarak Rusya, Kuzey Kore ve Çin’in eylemlerinden algılanan tehdide ve güvensizlik durumuna işaret eden belgelerde askeri güce ve kapasiteye olan vurgu ile geleneksel güvenlik anlayışının çağdaş güvenlik yaklaşımını aşarak tekrar önem kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Japonya Yeni Güvenlik Stratejisi Geleneksel Güvenlik Çağdaş Güvenlik
Kaynakça
- Ashley, R. (2023). Japan’s new national security strategy is making waves. https://www.fpri.org/article/2023/01/japans-new-national-security-strategy-is-making-waves/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Baba, G. (2019). Japonya’nın savunma politikasındaki dönüşüm. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/analiz/japonya- nin-savunma-politikasindaki-donusum/1423671 Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of the cold war. World Politics. 48(1), 117-141.
- Buzan, B. (2015). İnsanlar, devletler ve korku. (E. Çıtak, Çev.). İstanbul: Uluslararası İlişkiler Kütüphanesi.
- Buzan, B. (1991). New patterns of global security in the twenty-first century. International Affairs, 67(3), 431-451.
- Buzan, B., Wæver, O. (2003), Regions and powers: The structure of international security. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Buzan, B., Wæver, O. (2009). Macrosecuritisation and security constellations: Reconsidering scale in securitisation Theory. Review of International Studies, 35(2), 253-276.
- Galic, M. (2022). What you need know about Japan’s new national security strategy. https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/12/what-you-need-know-about-japans-new-national-security- strategy Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Haftendorn, H. (1991). The security puzzle: Theory-building and discipline-building in international security. International Studies Quarterly. 35(1), 3-17.
- Herz, J. H. (1950). Idealist internationalism and the security dilemma. World Politics. 2(2),157-180.
- Jervis, R. (2017). Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton University Press.
- Krause, K., Williams, C. M. (1996). Broadening the agenda of security studies politics and methods. Mershon International Studies Review, 40(2), 229-254.
- Nagy, S. (2022). Pragmatic realism and Japan’s new security strategy. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2022/12/25/commentary/japan-commentary/japan-defense/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Nagy, S. (2023). Pragmatic realism, Japan’s new national security strategy and its implications for Australia. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/pragmatic-realism-japans-new-national- security-strategy-and-its-implications-for-australia/ Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Defence Strategy, (2022). https://www.mod.go.jp/j/approach/agenda/guideline/strategy/pdf/strategy_en.pdf Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Program Guidelines and Medium Term Defense Program, (2022). https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_policy/basis/guideline/index.html Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- National Security Strategy of Japan, (2022). https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/siryou/221216anzenhoshou/nss-e.pdf Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Pohlkamp, E.K. (2023). Setting the course: Japan’s new security strategy. https://ecfr.eu/article/setting-the- course-japans-new-security-strategy/ Erişim: 01.02.2023.
- The Constitution of Japan, (1947). https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html Erişim: 20.01.2023.
- Ullman, R. H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security. 8(1), 129-153.
- Waltz, K. N. (1959). Man, the state, and war: A theoretical analysis. Colombia University Press.
- Waltz, K. N. (1990). Realist thought and neorealist theory. Journal of International Affairs. 44(1), 21-37.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Nisan 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Şubat 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Japonya’nın Siber Güvenlik Politikası
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1348365
MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)