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Doketik Kristoloji ve Kur’an

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 441 - 471, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2022.1028480

Öz

Bu çalışma doketik kristolojiyi ve özellikle İsa Mesih’in çarmıha gerilme hadisesi konusundaki Hıristiyanlığın temel dogmatik inancına doketik yaklaşımı ele almaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma Müslümanlar arasında doketik kristolojiye paralel bir yaklaşım olduğuna dair Hıristiyan yazarların iddialarını tartışmakta ve Kur’an’da bir çeşit doketik yaklaşım olduğu tezini eleştirmektedir. Söz konusu Kur’an ayetlerinde çarmıh hadisesinde, bir başkasının mucizevi şekilde Hz. İsa’ya benzetilerek onun yerine çarmıha gerildiğine dair bir ifadenin bulunmadığı, ancak Yahudiler arasında onu öldürdüklerine ve astıklarına dair sadece zanna dayalı kanaatin tamamıyla yanlış olduğunun ifade edildiği bu çalışmanın ana tezidir. Ayrıca Yahudi geleneğinde Hz. Meryem’e atılan iftira ile Hz. İsa’nın ölümü konusundaki iddianın esas olarak Talmud geleneğine dayandığı da tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, söz konusu ayetlerle ilgili Kur’an’daki klasik tefsir yorumlarının esas olarak israiliyat olarak adlandırılan Hıristiyan ve Yahudi geleneğiyle ilişkili olduğuna dair bir tartışma yürütülmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • Baş, B., “Monoteist Bir Hıristiyanlık Yorumu: Aryüsçülük Mezhebi”, Divan, 2000/2. google scholar
  • Brashler, J., R.A. Bullard (tr.), “Apocalypse of Peter”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Bruce, F.F., The Defence of the Gospel in the New Testament, revised edition, Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press 1977. google scholar
  • Bullard, R.A., J.A. Gibbons (tr.), “The Second Treatise of the Great Seth”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Cassels, W.R., The Gospel According to Peter, London: Longsman 1894. google scholar
  • Chadwick, H., The Early Church, Penguin Books 1973. google scholar
  • Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02103.htm. google scholar
  • Demir, M., M.E. Özafşar, “Vehb b. Münebbih”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, c. 42, 2012. google scholar
  • Döner, E., Tefsirde İsrailiyyât’ın Kaynak ve Bilgi Değeri, Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları 2015. google scholar
  • Elliott, J.K., The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press 1993. google scholar
  • Epstein, I. (ed.), The Babylonian Talmud, London: The Soncino Press 1935. google scholar
  • Eusebius, Church History, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250102.htm. google scholar el-Feyruzabadi, Mecduddin Muhammed ibn Yakub, Tenviru’l-Mikbâs min Tefsiri İbn Abbâs, Beyrut: Darul Kütübul İlmiyye 2014. google scholar
  • Goldstein, R., G.G. Stroumsa, “The Greek and Jewish Orgins of Docetism: A New Proposal”, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum, 10/3, 2007. google scholar
  • Grant, R.M., “Gnostic Origins and Basilidians of Irenaeus”, Vigiliae Christianae, 13/2, 1959. google scholar
  • Gündüz, Ş., Pavlus: Hıristiyanlığın Mimarı, yeni baskı, İstanbul: MilelNihal 2019. google scholar
  • Gündüz, Ş., “Sinoplu Marcionun Gnostik Teolojisi”, Hoşgörü Yılı ve İnanç Turizminde Göller Bölgesi Sempozyumu, 07-08 Eylül 2000 Isparta Bildiriler Kitabı, Isparta: SDÜ Basımevi 2001. google scholar
  • Hippolytus, Refutation to All Heresies, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/050107.htm (copyright © 2000 by Kevin Knight).. google scholar
  • Hoyland, R. G., Seeing Islam as Others Saw it: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Princeton: The Darwin Press 1997. google scholar
  • İbn Kesir, Tefsiru’l-Kur’ani’l-Azim, Beyrut: Darul Kitabil Arabi 2015. google scholar
  • İbn Sa’d, Tabakât, tr. M.K. Yılmaz, c. 1, İstanbul: Siyer Yayınları 2014. google scholar
  • Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-01/anf01-57.htm#P6151_1380339 google scholar
  • Khorchide M., K. Von Stosch, The Other Prophet: Jesus in the Qur’an, tr. S. Pare, London: Gingko 2019. google scholar
  • Küng, H., Islam: Past, Present and Future, tr. J. Bowden, Oxford: Oneworld 2007. google scholar
  • Lawson, T., The Crucifixion and The Qur’an: A Study in History of Muslim Thought, Oxford: Oneworld Publications 2009. google scholar
  • Massey, G., The Historical Jesus and Mythical Christ, London (t.y.). google scholar
  • McGiffert, A.C., “The Gospel of Peter”, American Society of Church History, 6, 1894. google scholar
  • Meerson, M., P. Schafer, (ed. & tr.), Toledot Yeshu: The Life Story of Jesus, Tübingen: Mohr Siebec 2014. google scholar
  • Mevorach, I., E. College, “Qur’an, Crucifixion, and Talmud: A New Reading of Q4:157-58”, Journal of Religion & Society, 19, 2017. google scholar
  • Mushagalusa, T. B., John of Damascus and Heresiology: A Basis for Understanding Modern Heresy, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Theology, University of South Africa, April 2008. google scholar
  • Newman, H.I., “The Death of Jesus in the Toledot Yeshu Literature”, Journal of Theological Studies, 50, 1999. google scholar
  • Omar, I.A., (ed.), A Muslim View of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue by Mahmoud Ayoub, New York: Orbis Books 2007. google scholar
  • Origen, Against Celsus, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0416.htm. google scholar
  • Papandrea, J.L., The Earliest Christologies: Five Images of Christ in the Postapostolic Age, InterVarsity Press 2016. google scholar
  • Quispel, G., Gnostic Studies I, İstanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaelogisch Instituut 1974. google scholar
  • Reynolds, G. S., “On the Presentation of Christinity in the Qur’an and the Many Aspects of Qur’anic Rhetoric”, Al-Bayan - Journal of Qur’an andHadith Studies, 12, 2014. google scholar
  • Schadler, P., John ofDamascus and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest Christian-Muslim Relations, Leiden: Brill 2018. google scholar
  • Schafer, P., Jesus in the Talmud, Princeton University Press 2007. google scholar
  • Schafer, P., “Abogard’s and Amulo’s Toledot Yeshu”, P. Schafer, M. Meerson, Y. Deutsch (ed.), Toledot Yeshu (“The Life Story ofJesus”) Revisited, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2011. google scholar
  • Schoeps, Hans-Joachim, Jewish Christianity: Functional Disputes in the Early Church, tr. D.R.A. Hare, Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1969. google scholar
  • Shah, M., “The Crucifixion and the Qur’an: A Study in the History of Muslim Thought”, (Book Review), Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 12 (1-2), 2010. google scholar
  • Shahid, I., Z. Sönmez, “İslam ve Doğu Hıristiyanları: Mekke Miladi 610-622”, Dini Araştırmalar, c. 20, sayı: 51, 2017. google scholar
  • et-, Ebu Cafer Muhammed ibn Cerir, Camiu’l-Beyan an Te’vîli Ay’il-Kur’an, (Tahkik: Ahmed Abdurrazık el-Bekri ve diğerleri), Kahire: Darusselam 2015. google scholar
  • Tertullian, Against All Heresies, vi, https://ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf03/cache/anf03.pdf google scholar
  • Tertullian, De Spectaculis, https://ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf03/cache/anf03.pdf google scholar
  • Watt, W.M., Bell’s Introduction to the Qur’an, Edinburgh University Press 1970. google scholar
  • Williams, R., Arius: Heresy and Tradition, revised edition, Willian B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2002. google scholar
  • Wilson, B.E., The Embodied God: Seeing the Divine in Luke - Acts and the Early Church, Oxford University Press 2021. google scholar
  • Wisse F., (tr.), “The Letter of Peter to Philip”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Yamauchi, E.M., “The Crucifixion and Docetic Christology”, Concordia Theological Quarterly, 46/1, 1982. google scholar
  • Zamahşeri, el-Keşşâf, İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu 2017. google scholar
  • Zebidi, M.H., Tefsir ve Hadiste İsrailiyyât, tr. E. Yıldırım, İstanbul: Rağbet 2007. google scholar

Docetic Christology and the Qur’an

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 441 - 471, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2022.1028480

Öz

This study address docetic Christology in general and the docetic approach to the main Christian dogmatic belief on the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in particular. It also discusses the claim of Christian writers that an approach among the Muslims is parallel to docetic Christology and criticizes the thesis that the Qur’an exhibits a form of docetic approach. The main argument of the study is that no discussion on Qur’anic verses state that no individual that miraculously resembles Jesus was crucified. Instead, this study intends to elucidate that the claim of the Jews, who supposedly hanged Jesus, was categorically wrong, because this is the only wrong belief based on a presumption. The study also discussed that the slander on Mary and the claim regarding the death of Jesus in Jewish tradition were mainly based on the tradition of Talmud. Moreover, the study highlights a debate that points out that the exegesis of the classical commentaries on the Qur’an regarding the verses in question is mainly related to the Christian and Jewish traditions or the so-called isrâiliyât.

Kaynakça

  • Baş, B., “Monoteist Bir Hıristiyanlık Yorumu: Aryüsçülük Mezhebi”, Divan, 2000/2. google scholar
  • Brashler, J., R.A. Bullard (tr.), “Apocalypse of Peter”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Bruce, F.F., The Defence of the Gospel in the New Testament, revised edition, Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press 1977. google scholar
  • Bullard, R.A., J.A. Gibbons (tr.), “The Second Treatise of the Great Seth”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Cassels, W.R., The Gospel According to Peter, London: Longsman 1894. google scholar
  • Chadwick, H., The Early Church, Penguin Books 1973. google scholar
  • Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02103.htm. google scholar
  • Demir, M., M.E. Özafşar, “Vehb b. Münebbih”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, c. 42, 2012. google scholar
  • Döner, E., Tefsirde İsrailiyyât’ın Kaynak ve Bilgi Değeri, Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları 2015. google scholar
  • Elliott, J.K., The Apocryphal New Testament, Oxford University Press 1993. google scholar
  • Epstein, I. (ed.), The Babylonian Talmud, London: The Soncino Press 1935. google scholar
  • Eusebius, Church History, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250102.htm. google scholar el-Feyruzabadi, Mecduddin Muhammed ibn Yakub, Tenviru’l-Mikbâs min Tefsiri İbn Abbâs, Beyrut: Darul Kütübul İlmiyye 2014. google scholar
  • Goldstein, R., G.G. Stroumsa, “The Greek and Jewish Orgins of Docetism: A New Proposal”, Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum, 10/3, 2007. google scholar
  • Grant, R.M., “Gnostic Origins and Basilidians of Irenaeus”, Vigiliae Christianae, 13/2, 1959. google scholar
  • Gündüz, Ş., Pavlus: Hıristiyanlığın Mimarı, yeni baskı, İstanbul: MilelNihal 2019. google scholar
  • Gündüz, Ş., “Sinoplu Marcionun Gnostik Teolojisi”, Hoşgörü Yılı ve İnanç Turizminde Göller Bölgesi Sempozyumu, 07-08 Eylül 2000 Isparta Bildiriler Kitabı, Isparta: SDÜ Basımevi 2001. google scholar
  • Hippolytus, Refutation to All Heresies, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/050107.htm (copyright © 2000 by Kevin Knight).. google scholar
  • Hoyland, R. G., Seeing Islam as Others Saw it: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Princeton: The Darwin Press 1997. google scholar
  • İbn Kesir, Tefsiru’l-Kur’ani’l-Azim, Beyrut: Darul Kitabil Arabi 2015. google scholar
  • İbn Sa’d, Tabakât, tr. M.K. Yılmaz, c. 1, İstanbul: Siyer Yayınları 2014. google scholar
  • Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-01/anf01-57.htm#P6151_1380339 google scholar
  • Khorchide M., K. Von Stosch, The Other Prophet: Jesus in the Qur’an, tr. S. Pare, London: Gingko 2019. google scholar
  • Küng, H., Islam: Past, Present and Future, tr. J. Bowden, Oxford: Oneworld 2007. google scholar
  • Lawson, T., The Crucifixion and The Qur’an: A Study in History of Muslim Thought, Oxford: Oneworld Publications 2009. google scholar
  • Massey, G., The Historical Jesus and Mythical Christ, London (t.y.). google scholar
  • McGiffert, A.C., “The Gospel of Peter”, American Society of Church History, 6, 1894. google scholar
  • Meerson, M., P. Schafer, (ed. & tr.), Toledot Yeshu: The Life Story of Jesus, Tübingen: Mohr Siebec 2014. google scholar
  • Mevorach, I., E. College, “Qur’an, Crucifixion, and Talmud: A New Reading of Q4:157-58”, Journal of Religion & Society, 19, 2017. google scholar
  • Mushagalusa, T. B., John of Damascus and Heresiology: A Basis for Understanding Modern Heresy, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Theology, University of South Africa, April 2008. google scholar
  • Newman, H.I., “The Death of Jesus in the Toledot Yeshu Literature”, Journal of Theological Studies, 50, 1999. google scholar
  • Omar, I.A., (ed.), A Muslim View of Christianity: Essays on Dialogue by Mahmoud Ayoub, New York: Orbis Books 2007. google scholar
  • Origen, Against Celsus, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0416.htm. google scholar
  • Papandrea, J.L., The Earliest Christologies: Five Images of Christ in the Postapostolic Age, InterVarsity Press 2016. google scholar
  • Quispel, G., Gnostic Studies I, İstanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaelogisch Instituut 1974. google scholar
  • Reynolds, G. S., “On the Presentation of Christinity in the Qur’an and the Many Aspects of Qur’anic Rhetoric”, Al-Bayan - Journal of Qur’an andHadith Studies, 12, 2014. google scholar
  • Schadler, P., John ofDamascus and Islam: Christian Heresiology and the Intellectual Background to Earliest Christian-Muslim Relations, Leiden: Brill 2018. google scholar
  • Schafer, P., Jesus in the Talmud, Princeton University Press 2007. google scholar
  • Schafer, P., “Abogard’s and Amulo’s Toledot Yeshu”, P. Schafer, M. Meerson, Y. Deutsch (ed.), Toledot Yeshu (“The Life Story ofJesus”) Revisited, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2011. google scholar
  • Schoeps, Hans-Joachim, Jewish Christianity: Functional Disputes in the Early Church, tr. D.R.A. Hare, Philadelphia: Fortress Press 1969. google scholar
  • Shah, M., “The Crucifixion and the Qur’an: A Study in the History of Muslim Thought”, (Book Review), Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 12 (1-2), 2010. google scholar
  • Shahid, I., Z. Sönmez, “İslam ve Doğu Hıristiyanları: Mekke Miladi 610-622”, Dini Araştırmalar, c. 20, sayı: 51, 2017. google scholar
  • et-, Ebu Cafer Muhammed ibn Cerir, Camiu’l-Beyan an Te’vîli Ay’il-Kur’an, (Tahkik: Ahmed Abdurrazık el-Bekri ve diğerleri), Kahire: Darusselam 2015. google scholar
  • Tertullian, Against All Heresies, vi, https://ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf03/cache/anf03.pdf google scholar
  • Tertullian, De Spectaculis, https://ccel.org/ccel/s/schaff/anf03/cache/anf03.pdf google scholar
  • Watt, W.M., Bell’s Introduction to the Qur’an, Edinburgh University Press 1970. google scholar
  • Williams, R., Arius: Heresy and Tradition, revised edition, Willian B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2002. google scholar
  • Wilson, B.E., The Embodied God: Seeing the Divine in Luke - Acts and the Early Church, Oxford University Press 2021. google scholar
  • Wisse F., (tr.), “The Letter of Peter to Philip”, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, J.M. Robinson (ed.), Leiden. Brill 1978. google scholar
  • Yamauchi, E.M., “The Crucifixion and Docetic Christology”, Concordia Theological Quarterly, 46/1, 1982. google scholar
  • Zamahşeri, el-Keşşâf, İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu 2017. google scholar
  • Zebidi, M.H., Tefsir ve Hadiste İsrailiyyât, tr. E. Yıldırım, İstanbul: Rağbet 2007. google scholar
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şinasi Gündüz 0000-0003-3393-7302

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Gündüz, Şinasi. “Doketik Kristoloji Ve Kur’an”. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi 12/1 (Mart 2022), 441-471. https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2022.1028480.