Araştırma Makalesi
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Tribes, Hamulas and Notable Families in Gaza

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 16, 69 - 91, 31.12.2024

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1529739

Öz

Although the influence of the Tribe, Hamula (Clan) and notable families within the Palestinian society has decreased from time to time, it has generally continued to exist as an important informal social structure or institution. This situation was supported by the state of war that started in 1948 and radically changed the region politically, socially, economically and demographically, and which still exists in the remainder of the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century. In the Palestinian society, where a formal state structure was not established due to the great migration wave (En-Nakba) in 1948, social institutions, which were seen as the legacy of this traditional, even feudal period, responded to the security needs of individuals, families and communities, and provided and distributed welfare with the cooperation opportunities they offered. All of these are essential to survive in harsh times. These social institutions in the Palestine region also existed during the Ottoman Administration, and the Ottoman Empire used this structure, including Turkmen families, to administer the region. Later, the British colonial administration also tried to use this system. In this study, these social structures, the tribal, clan and family relations within the Palestinian society will be analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine Gaza Strip Arab Turkmen Tribe Hamula

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

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  • Abukmeil, Tasaheel. “Şam Toprakları ve Filistin’deki Türkmenler: Kimliği Korumak.” Fokus+ (2024). https://www.fokusplus.com/tarih/sam-topraklari-ve-filistindeki-turkmenler-kimligi-korumak
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Gazze'de Aşiretler, Hamulalar ve Önemli Aileler

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 16, 69 - 91, 31.12.2024

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1529739

Öz

Filistin toplumunda Aşiret, Hamula (Boy) ve büyük ailelerin zaman zaman etkinlikleri azalsa da, genelde önemli bir informel sosyal yapı veya kurum olarak var olmaya devam etmiştir. Bu durumu, 1948 yılında başlayan ve bölgeyi siyasi, sosyal, iktisadi ve demografi olarak kökten değiştiren, 20. yüzyılın kalan kısmında ve 21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde hala var olan savaş hali desteklemiştir. Formel bir devlet yapısının 1948 yılında yaşanan büyük göç (En-Nakba) sebebiyle teşekkül ettirilmediği Filistin toplumunda bu geleneksel, hatta feodal dönemin mirası olarak görülen sosyal kurumlar bireylere, aile ve toplulukların güvenlik ihtiyacına cevap vermiş, sunduğu yardımlaşma imkânları ile refahın sağlanması ve dağıtımı, hatta eş bulma gibi destekler sunmuştur. Tüm bu sayılanlar bu zorlu dönemlerde varlığını sürdürebilmek için oldukça gerekli olan şeyler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Filistin bölgesinde bu sosyal kurumlar Osmanlı İdaresi döneminde de var olmuş, Osmanlı devlet idaresi, aralarında Türkmen ailelerinin de bulunduğu bu yapıyı bölgeyi idare etmede kullanmıştır. Bu sistemi daha sonra İngiliz sömürge idaresi de kullanmaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada işte bu önemli bir faktör olarak var olan bu sosyal yapılara, Filistin toplumu içindeki aşiret, boy ve aile kan bağı ilişkilerine değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin Gazze Aşiret Hamula Arap Türkmen Fellahin Mudun Muvatinun

Etik Beyan

-

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Teşekkür

-

Kaynakça

  • Abd al-Jabbār, Fāliḥ ve Hosham Dawod. Tribes and Power: Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Middle East. Londra: Saqi Books, 2003.
  • Abd al-Jabbār, Fāliḥ ve Hosham Dawod. Tribes and Power: Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Middle East. Londra: Saqi Books, 2003.
  • Abukmeil, Tasaheel. “Şam Toprakları ve Filistin’deki Türkmenler: Kimliği Korumak.” Fokus+ (2024). https://www.fokusplus.com/tarih/sam-topraklari-ve-filistindeki-turkmenler-kimligi-korumak
  • Abukmeil, Tasaheel. “Şam Toprakları ve Filistin’deki Türkmenler: Kimliği Korumak.” Fokus+ (2024). https://www.fokusplus.com/tarih/sam-topraklari-ve-filistindeki-turkmenler-kimligi-korumak
  • Arjona, Ana, Nelson Kasfir ve Zachariah Mampilly (eds.). Rebel Governance in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Arjona, Ana, Nelson Kasfir ve Zachariah Mampilly (eds.). Rebel Governance in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Atran, Scott. “Hamula Organisation and Masha‘a Tenure in Palestine.” Man 21, no. 2 (1986): 271-295.
  • Atran, Scott. “Hamula Organisation and Masha‘a Tenure in Palestine.” Man 21, no. 2 (1986): 271-295.
  • Barakat, Halim. The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
  • Barakat, Halim. The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
  • Baram, Amatzia. “Neo-tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies 1991-96.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 1 (1997): 1-31.
  • Baram, Amatzia. “Neo-tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies 1991-96.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 1 (1997): 1-31.
  • Bates, Daniel G. ve Amal Rassam. Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
  • Bates, Daniel G. ve Amal Rassam. Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
  • Bonte, Pierre. Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Middle East. Londra: Saqi Books, 2003.
  • Bonte, Pierre. Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Middle East. Londra: Saqi Books, 2003.
  • Baumgarten, Helga. “The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948-2005.” Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 4 (2005): 25-48.
  • Baumgarten, Helga. “The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948-2005.” Journal of Palestine Studies 34, no. 4 (2005): 25-48.
  • Brenner, Björn. Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2017.
  • Brenner, Björn. Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2017.
  • Brynen, Rex. “The Neopatrimonial Dimension of Palestinian Politics.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25, no. 1 (1995): 23-36.
  • Brynen, Rex. “The Neopatrimonial Dimension of Palestinian Politics.” Journal of Palestine Studies 25, no. 1 (1995): 23-36.
  • Charrad, Mounira Maya. “Central and Local Patrimonialism: State-building in Kin-based Societies.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 636, no. 1 (2011): 49-68.
  • Charrad, Mounira Maya. “Central and Local Patrimonialism: State-building in Kin-based Societies.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 636, no. 1 (2011): 49-68.
  • Helmke, Gretchen ve Steven Levitsky. “Informel Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agend.” Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 4 (2004):725-740.
  • Helmke, Gretchen ve Steven Levitsky. “Informel Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agend.” Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 4 (2004):725-740.
  • Helmke, Gretchen ve Steven Levitsky. Informel Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
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  • Holy, Ladislav. Kinship, Honour, and Solidarity: Cousin Marriage in the Middle East. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.
  • Holy, Ladislav. Kinship, Honour, and Solidarity: Cousin Marriage in the Middle East. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.
  • Hürmüzlü, Erşat. “The Turkmens of the Middle East.” Turkish Policy Quarterly 14, no. 1 (2015): 85-93.
  • Hürmüzlü, Erşat. “The Turkmens of the Middle East.” Turkish Policy Quarterly 14, no. 1 (2015): 85-93.
  • International Crisis Group. “Inside Gaza: The Challenge of Clans and Families.” (2007). https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1173756.html
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  • Issacharoff, Avi. “Four Killed in Hamas, Fatah Clashes in Gaza.” Haaretz, 21 Ekim 2007.
  • Isser, Deborah (ed). Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-torn Societies. Washington, D.C: US Institute of Peace Press, 2011.
  • Isser, Deborah (ed). Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-torn Societies. Washington, D.C: US Institute of Peace Press, 2011.
  • Khalidi, D. vd., Informal Justice: Rule of Law and Dispute Resolution in Palestine. Birzeit: Birzeit University, 2006.
  • Khalidi, D. vd., Informal Justice: Rule of Law and Dispute Resolution in Palestine. Birzeit: Birzeit University, 2006.
  • Khateeb, Alya. The Arab Turkmen-Merj Beni Amir Children. Amman: Dar Al-Jalil, 1987.
  • Khateeb, Alya. The Arab Turkmen-Merj Beni Amir Children. Amman: Dar Al-Jalil, 1987.
  • Kimmerling, Baruch ve Joel S. Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
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  • Kressel, Gideon M. “Haqq Akhu Manshad: Major and Minor Wrongs and Specialized Judges among the Negev Bedouin.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25, no. 1 (1993): 17-31.
  • Kressel, Gideon M. “Haqq Akhu Manshad: Major and Minor Wrongs and Specialized Judges among the Negev Bedouin.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25, no. 1 (1993): 17-31.
  • Kressel, Gideon M. ve Khalil Abu-Rabi’a. “Badal Marriages among the Negev Bedouin: ‘Urf, Shar’ia and State Law.” Anthropology of the Middle East 6, no. 2 (2011): 68-93.
  • Kressel, Gideon M. ve Khalil Abu-Rabi’a. “Badal Marriages among the Negev Bedouin: ‘Urf, Shar’ia and State Law.” Anthropology of the Middle East 6, no. 2 (2011): 68-93.
  • Öksüz, Mustafa. Şam Eyaleti'nin Güney Sancaklarında (Filistin) Nüfus XVI. Yüzyıl. Ankara: Sonçağ Akademi, 2023.
  • Öksüz, Mustafa. Şam Eyaleti'nin Güney Sancaklarında (Filistin) Nüfus XVI. Yüzyıl. Ankara: Sonçağ Akademi, 2023.
  • Peteet, Julie M. Gender in Crisis: Women and the Palestinian Resistance Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
  • Peteet, Julie M. Gender in Crisis: Women and the Palestinian Resistance Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
  • Radnitz, Scott. “Informel Politics and State.” Comparative Politics 43, no. 3, (2011): 351-371.
  • Radnitz, Scott. “Informel Politics and State.” Comparative Politics 43, no. 3, (2011): 351-371.
  • Reilly, James. “The Peasantry of Late Ottoman Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 10, no. 4 (1981): 82-97.
  • Reilly, James. “The Peasantry of Late Ottoman Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 10, no. 4 (1981): 82-97.
  • Robinson, Glenn E. “Palestinian Tribes, Clans, and Notable Families.” Strategic Insights 7, no. 4 (2008).
  • Robinson, Glenn E. “Palestinian Tribes, Clans, and Notable Families.” Strategic Insights 7, no. 4 (2008).
  • Roy, Sara. The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. Washington, D.C: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1995.
  • Roy, Sara. The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. Washington, D.C: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1995.
  • Sayigh, Yezid. We Serve the People: Hamas Policing in Gaza. Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Croen Paper no. 5. Washington, DC: Brandeis University, 2011.
  • Sayigh, Yezid. We Serve the People: Hamas Policing in Gaza. Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Croen Paper no. 5. Washington, DC: Brandeis University, 2011.
  • Schölch, Alexander. “Was There a Feudal System in Ottoman Lebanon and Palestine?” In Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period: Political, Social, and Economic Transformation, edited by David Kushner, 130-145. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1986.
  • Schölch, Alexander. “Was There a Feudal System in Ottoman Lebanon and Palestine?” In Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period: Political, Social, and Economic Transformation, edited by David Kushner, 130-145. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1986.
  • Sogge, Erling Lorentzen. “The Factionalization of Palestinian Customary Justice: Sulh Politics in the Balata Refugee Camp.” Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 6, no. 1-3 (2021): 105-122.
  • Sogge, Erling Lorentzen. “The Factionalization of Palestinian Customary Justice: Sulh Politics in the Balata Refugee Camp.” Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 6, no. 1-3 (2021): 105-122.
  • Stewart, Frank H. “Customary Law among the Bedouin of the Middle East and North Africa.” In Nomadic Societies in the Middle East and North Africa: Entering the 21st Century, edited by Dawn Chatty, 239-279. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Stewart, Frank H. “Customary Law among the Bedouin of the Middle East and North Africa.” In Nomadic Societies in the Middle East and North Africa: Entering the 21st Century, edited by Dawn Chatty, 239-279. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Şimşek, Muttalip. “Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Kudüs’ün Tanınmış Ailelerinden Hüseyniler.” Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 8 (2019): 39-75.
  • Şimşek, Muttalip. “Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Kudüs’ün Tanınmış Ailelerinden Hüseyniler.” Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 8 (2019): 39-75.
  • Taha, Hisham Abu. “Renewed Gaza Clan-Police Clashes Kill 2.” Arab News, 21 Ekim 2007.
  • Taha, Hisham Abu. “Renewed Gaza Clan-Police Clashes Kill 2.” Arab News, 21 Ekim 2007.
  • Terris, Robert ve Vera Inoue-Terris. “A Case Study of Third World Jurisprudence-Palestine: Conflict Resolution and Customary law in Neopatrimonial Society.” Berkeley Journal of International Law 20, no. 462 (2002): 462-495.
  • Terris, Robert ve Vera Inoue-Terris. “A Case Study of Third World Jurisprudence-Palestine: Conflict Resolution and Customary law in Neopatrimonial Society.” Berkeley Journal of International Law 20, no. 462 (2002): 462-495.
  • Todd, Emmanuel. The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishing, 1985.
  • Todd, Emmanuel. The Explanation of Ideology: Family Structures and Social Systems. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishing, 1985.
  • Tuastad, Dag H. “The Organization of Camp Life: The Palestinian Refugee Camp of Bureij, Gaza.” In Constructing Order: Palestinian Adaptations to Refugee Life, edited by Are Hovdenak, Jon Pedersen, Dag H. Tuastad ve Elia Zureik, 103-156. Oslo: Fafo, 1997.
  • Tuastad, Dag H. “The Organization of Camp Life: The Palestinian Refugee Camp of Bureij, Gaza.” In Constructing Order: Palestinian Adaptations to Refugee Life, edited by Are Hovdenak, Jon Pedersen, Dag H. Tuastad ve Elia Zureik, 103-156. Oslo: Fafo, 1997.
  • Tuastad, Dag. “Hamas and the Clans: From Islamisation of Tribalism to Tribalization of Islamism?” Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 6, no. 1-3 (2021): 90-91.
  • Tuastad, Dag. “Hamas and the Clans: From Islamisation of Tribalism to Tribalization of Islamism?” Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 6, no. 1-3 (2021): 90-91.
  • Warnock, Kitty. Land Before Honour: Palestinian Women in the Occupied Territories. New York: Macmillan International Higher Education, 1990.
  • Warnock, Kitty. Land Before Honour: Palestinian Women in the Occupied Territories. New York: Macmillan International Higher Education, 1990.
  • Welchman, Lynn. “The Bedouin Judge, the Mufti, and the Chief Islamic Justice: Competing Legal Regimes in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.” Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 2 (2009): 6-23.
  • Welchman, Lynn. “The Bedouin Judge, the Mufti, and the Chief Islamic Justice: Competing Legal Regimes in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.” Journal of Palestine Studies 38, no. 2 (2009): 6-23.
  • Ze’evi, Dror. An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Ze’evi, Dror. An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Ze’evi, Dror. Clans and Militias in Palestine Politics. Crown Center for Middle East Studies Brief, No. 26, Waltham, MA: Brandeis University, 2008.
  • Ze’evi, Dror. Clans and Militias in Palestine Politics. Crown Center for Middle East Studies Brief, No. 26, Waltham, MA: Brandeis University, 2008.
  • Zurayk, Constantine K. The Meaning of the Disaster, trans. Bayly Winder. Beirut: Khayat's College Book Cooperative, 1956.
  • Zurayk, Constantine K. The Meaning of the Disaster, trans. Bayly Winder. Beirut: Khayat's College Book Cooperative, 1956.
Toplam 90 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ortadoğu Çalışmaları
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu 0000-0002-3146-2609

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 29 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Sayı: 16

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kıllıoğlu, Mehmet Erkan. “Gazze’de Aşiretler, Hamulalar Ve Önemli Aileler”. Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy. 16 (Aralık 2024): 69-91. https://doi.org/10.34230/fiad.1529739.
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