Öz
Immediately following the foundation of the state of Israel in 1948, its
people were subject to live in a divided land, compromising of a Palestinian
Majority of 67 per cent. However, following the creation of the state this
number was significantly reduced to a mere 16 per cent by military methods and
forced migration.
Subsequently, the Palestinian
population was reduced from about 950,000 to 150,000. The Palestinians in the
Israeli territory were immediately put under martial law. The principle’s
“ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants
irrespective of religion, race or sex” ", which was announced in the
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, which has never
applied to the Palestinian citizens of Israel.
The fact that Israel, which has
defended itself as the only democracy in the Middle East for decades, had not
recognized any rights granted to Palestinian minorities living within the state
of Israel.
Therefore could Israel be
considered a democracy when it neglects fundamental rights to the Palestinian
citizens of Israel?
A two state solution for
Israeli-Palestinian problems has been discussed internationally since its
partition, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 29
November 1947.However, while these discussions are under way, the presence and
position of 1.8 million Palestinian Israeli citizens who inhabit the state,
compromising roughly 20 percent of Israel’s total population continue to be
neglected.
Palestinians living in Israel
make up 12 percent of the total Palestinian population in the world, and any
solution which is ignoring them is not practically viable for either the State
of Israel or Palestinian Authorities.
This article aims to discuss the issues of
Palestinian citizens of Israel who have been ignored in the peace negotiation
process, the dilemmas of the two-state solution proposed by the United Nations
General Assembly, and furthermore the alternative possibility of the two nation
one state solution.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Amara, Muhammad H. “Israeli Palestinians and the Palestinian Authority.” Middle East Review of International Affairs 4, no. 1, (2000): 38-44.
- As'ad, Ghanem. “The Palestinian Minority in Israel: The 'Challenge' of the Jewish State and Its Implications”, Third World Quarterly 21, no. 1, (2000) 87-104.
- Davis, Uri. Israel: An Apartheid State, London: Zed Press, 1987.
- Jiryis, Sabri. The Arabs in Israel. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976.
- Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann. Surrounded: Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. Stanford University Press, 2009.
- Karmi, Ghada. “The One-State Solution: An Alternative Vision for Israeli-Palestinian Peace.” Journal of Palestine Studies 40, no. 2 (2011): 62-76.
- Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
- Kimmerling, Baruch, Joel S Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
- Kimmerling, Baruch. Politicide: Ariel Sharon’s War against the Palestinians. London, New York: Verso Books, 2003.
- Mossberg, Mathias. “One Land, Two States? Parallel States as an Example of ‘Out of the Box’ Thinking on Israel/ Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 39, no. 2 (2010): 39–45.
- Mossberg, Mathias. “Superimposing a Solution.” Foreign Policy, 27 June 2006.
- Official Gazette, no.1 of the 5th, Iyar, 5708 (14th May, 1948) (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm)
- Peleg, Ilan, Waxman Dov. Israel’s Palestinians: The Conflict Within. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- Peleg, Ilan. “Jewish-Palestinian Relations in Israel: From Hegemony to Equality?” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17, no. 3 (2004): 415-437.
- Ron, James. “Bringing the (Bi-National) State Back In.” Contemporary Sociology 35, no. 5 (2006): 453-456.
- Smooha, Sammy. Index of Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel, Haifa: The Jewish-Arab Centre, 2004. Aktaran Ilan Peleg, Waxman Dov Israel’s Palestinians: The Conflict Within. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- Tarazi, Michael. “Two Peoples, One State.” New York Times, 5 October 2004.
- The Roadmap: Full Text, BBC News, 30 April 2003, http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/2989783.stm
- Touma, Emile. “The Political Coming-of-Age of the "National Minority.” Journal of Palestine Studies 14, no. 2, Special Issue: The Palestinians in Israel and the Occupied Territories (1985): 74-83.
- Usher, Graham. “Unmaking Palestine: On Israel, the Palestinians, and the Wall.” Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 1 (2005): 25-43.
- Waxman, Dov. “Israel's Palestinian Minority in the Two-State Solution: The Missing Dimension.” Middle East Policy 18 (2011): 68-82.
- Weizman, Eyal. Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation. London: Verso, 2007.
- Yiftachel, Oren. Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
- Yiftachel, Oren.”The Shrinking Space of Citizenship: Ethnocratic Politics in Israel”, Middle East Report, no. 223, (2002): 38-45.
- Zreik, Raef. “The Palestinian Question: Themes of Justice and Power. Part II: The Palestinians in Israel.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 1 (2003): 42-54.
Öz
İsrail devletinin kuruluşunun hemen ardından 1948 yılında birkaç ay içinde
bölünmüş topraklarda yaşayan ve tarihi Filistin’in yüzde 67 olan Filistinli
çoğunluk askeri yöntemler ve uygulanan zorunlu göç sonucu yüzde 16’ya
düşürüldü. Bu, sayısal olarak yaklaşık 950,000 olan Filistinlilerin sayısının
150,000’e indirilmesiydi. İsrail toprakları içinde kalan Filistinliler derhal
sıkıyönetim altına alındı. İsrail Devleti’nin kuruluş bildirgesinde açıklanan
“bütün vatandaşlarına dil, din, ırk ayrımı gözetilmeksizin sosyal ve politik
eşitlik sağlanacağı” ilkesi Israil’in Filistinli vatandaşlarına hiçbir şekilde
yansımadı.
On yıllardır kendisinin Orta Doğu’nun tek demokrasisi olarak savunan
İsrail’in sınırları içinde yaşayan Filistinli azınlığa Yahudi vatandaşlarına
tanıdığı hiçbir hakkı tanımaması bu söylemi pratikte anlamsız kılmaktadır.
Filistin- İsrail sorununda iki devletli çözüm önerileri Birleşmiş Milletler
Genel Kurulunun 29 Kasım 1947’de aldığı Filistin’i taksim kararından beri
uluslararası arenada tartışılmaktadır. Bu tartışmalar sürdürülürken İsrail’de
yaşayan ve İsrail nüfusunun şu anda yaklaşık yüzde 20’sini oluşturan 1,8 milyon
Filistinli İsrail vatandaşının varlığı ve konumları göz önüne alınmamaktadır.
İsrail’de yaşayan Filistinliler dünya üzerindeki toplam Filistin nüfusunun
yüzde 12’sini oluşturmakta ve onların göz ardı edildiği bir çözümün pratik
olarak hayata geçirilmesi ne İsrail devleti ne de Filistin yönetimi için mümkün
görünmemektedir.
Bu makale, bugüne kadar sürdürülen Filistin - İsrail barış görüşmeleri
süreci içinde göz ardı edilen İsrail’in Filistinli vatandaşlarının sorunlarını,
bu güne kadar tartışılan iki devletli çözüm önerileri içindeki açmazlarını ve
ikibinli yılların başından beri bir alternatif olarak tartışılmaya başlayan ve
uygulanması kısa bir vadede mümkün görünmeyen tek devletli/iki uluslu çözümün
öneriler içindeki olası konumlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Amara, Muhammad H. “Israeli Palestinians and the Palestinian Authority.” Middle East Review of International Affairs 4, no. 1, (2000): 38-44.
- As'ad, Ghanem. “The Palestinian Minority in Israel: The 'Challenge' of the Jewish State and Its Implications”, Third World Quarterly 21, no. 1, (2000) 87-104.
- Davis, Uri. Israel: An Apartheid State, London: Zed Press, 1987.
- Jiryis, Sabri. The Arabs in Israel. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976.
- Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann. Surrounded: Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. Stanford University Press, 2009.
- Karmi, Ghada. “The One-State Solution: An Alternative Vision for Israeli-Palestinian Peace.” Journal of Palestine Studies 40, no. 2 (2011): 62-76.
- Khalidi, Rashid. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
- Kimmerling, Baruch, Joel S Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
- Kimmerling, Baruch. Politicide: Ariel Sharon’s War against the Palestinians. London, New York: Verso Books, 2003.
- Mossberg, Mathias. “One Land, Two States? Parallel States as an Example of ‘Out of the Box’ Thinking on Israel/ Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies 39, no. 2 (2010): 39–45.
- Mossberg, Mathias. “Superimposing a Solution.” Foreign Policy, 27 June 2006.
- Official Gazette, no.1 of the 5th, Iyar, 5708 (14th May, 1948) (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm)
- Peleg, Ilan, Waxman Dov. Israel’s Palestinians: The Conflict Within. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- Peleg, Ilan. “Jewish-Palestinian Relations in Israel: From Hegemony to Equality?” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17, no. 3 (2004): 415-437.
- Ron, James. “Bringing the (Bi-National) State Back In.” Contemporary Sociology 35, no. 5 (2006): 453-456.
- Smooha, Sammy. Index of Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel, Haifa: The Jewish-Arab Centre, 2004. Aktaran Ilan Peleg, Waxman Dov Israel’s Palestinians: The Conflict Within. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
- Tarazi, Michael. “Two Peoples, One State.” New York Times, 5 October 2004.
- The Roadmap: Full Text, BBC News, 30 April 2003, http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/2989783.stm
- Touma, Emile. “The Political Coming-of-Age of the "National Minority.” Journal of Palestine Studies 14, no. 2, Special Issue: The Palestinians in Israel and the Occupied Territories (1985): 74-83.
- Usher, Graham. “Unmaking Palestine: On Israel, the Palestinians, and the Wall.” Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 1 (2005): 25-43.
- Waxman, Dov. “Israel's Palestinian Minority in the Two-State Solution: The Missing Dimension.” Middle East Policy 18 (2011): 68-82.
- Weizman, Eyal. Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation. London: Verso, 2007.
- Yiftachel, Oren. Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
- Yiftachel, Oren.”The Shrinking Space of Citizenship: Ethnocratic Politics in Israel”, Middle East Report, no. 223, (2002): 38-45.
- Zreik, Raef. “The Palestinian Question: Themes of Justice and Power. Part II: The Palestinians in Israel.” Journal of Palestine Studies 33, no. 1 (2003): 42-54.
Ayrıntılar
| Konular | Siyaset Bilimi |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2017 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Temmuz 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017Sayı: 1 |
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. Daha fazla bilgi için tıklayınız.
Dizinler / Veri Tabanları: SCOPUS| EBSCO| INDEX ISLAMICUS| ERIH PLUS| MLA | INDEX COPERNICUS | CEEOL | SCIENTIFIC INDEXING | DRJI | İSAM
FAD- Filistin Araştırmaları Dergisi
[BPS- Bulletin of Palestine Studies]
e-ISSN 2587-1862