A COMPARISON OF WESTERN AND ASIAN MULTILATERALISM IN THEIR APPROACH TO CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN RESPONSE
Öz
Within the past 20 years, the international relations discourse that conceived Central Asia as a base of Russian influence is now being challenged. The European Union and China have stated their increased engagement in the region through the New Central Asia Strategy and Belt and Road Initiative respectively. Both plans include strengthening economic and political ties to the region, which could result in a shift of power. While the USA has withdrawn from Afghanistan and seemingly from the region since 2021, it has redrawn policy to be once again more involved within the region. The research will aim to deconstruct the approach of Western and Asian Multilateralism to Central Asia. As the approach of Western and Asian multilateralism develops over the long term, the battle for influence over Central Asia will become critical to the development of the region. With all of the world’s powers vying for domination, the reaction of the Central Asian states will play a critical role in the long term. Nevertheless, this paper argues that Western and Asian multilateralism in Central Asia exposes the pragmatic and complex mechanisms of multilateralism in the region due to its geopolitical position and multi-vector policy.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Asian Multilateralism Western Multilateralism Central Asia Diplomacy Turkic World
Kaynakça
- ANANYEVA, E. (2018). One Belt One Road versus the Eurasian Economic Union. [online] JSTOR. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep20622 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ATKIN, M. (1993). Tajik National Identity. Iranian Studies, [online] 26(1/2), pp.151–158. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4310832 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- auca.kg. (n.d.). American University of Central Asia - AUCA - Publications. [online] Available at: https://auca.kg/en/casi_historyliterature_publications/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2023].
- BEKMURZAEV, N. (2019). Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries. [online] CABAR.asia. Available at: https://cabar.asia/en/russian-language-status-in-central-asian-countries#_ftn4 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ÇELIK, Y. (2021). Orta Asya İçin Kuşak ve Yol Projesinin Stratejik Sonuçları. Asya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1).
- CGTN (2023). Xi Calls for Deep Alignment between Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union. [online] news.cgtn.com. Available at: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-05-25/Xi-calls-for-deep-alignment-between-BRI-and-EAEU-1k5hxgSOGfC/index.html [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ÇINAR, M. (2021). The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative’s Economic Impact on Kazakhstan. Università Degli Studi di Firenze.
- CLARKE, M. (2017). The Belt and Road Initiative: China’s New Grand Strategy? Asia Policy, [online] (24), pp.71–79. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26403204.
- Collective Security Treaty Organisation (2023). From the Treaty to the Organization. [online] en.odkb-csto.org. Available at: https://en.odkb-csto.org/25years/.
- COLLINS, K. (2009). Economic and Security Regionalism among Patrimonial Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, [online] 61(2), pp.249–281. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27752228 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- CONTESSI, N. (2015). Central Asia in Asia: Charting Growing trans-regional Linkages. [online] Research Gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285656802_Central_Asia_in_Asia_Charting_growing_trans-regional_linkages.
- COX, M., LYNCH, T. and BOUCHET, N. (2013). US Foreign Policy and Democracy Promotion. Routledge eBooks. doi:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203550373.
- COX, R. W. (1992). Multilateralism and World Order. Review of International Studies, 18(2), 161–180. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097291
- COY, J., SCALES, L., STOLLBERG-RILINGER, B., Scott, T. and Wilson, P. (2017). An Empire for Our Times? a Discussion of Peter Wilson’s the Holy Roman Empire: a Thousand Years of Europe’s History. Central European History, [online] 50(4), pp.547–572. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26567773 [Accessed 11 Mar. 2022].
- de WIJK, R., THOMPSON, J., & CHAVANNES, E. (2020). What is multilateralism? Retrieved from JSTOR website: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26672.5
- DUARTE, P. (2014). The Centrality of Central Asia. Brazilian Journal of International Relations, 3(2), pp.284–323. doi:https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2014.v3n2.p284-323.
- DZHURAEV, E. and MURATALIEVA, N. (2020). The EU Strategy on Central Asia. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, [online] pp.1–10. Available at: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/bischkek/16168.pdf.
Asyalı ve Batılı Çok Yönlü Diplomasisinin Orta Asya’ya Bakış Açılarının Karşılaştırılması ve Orta Asya’nın Tepkisi
Öz
Son 20 yılda Orta Asya'yı Rus etkisinin üssü olarak gören uluslararası ilişkiler söylemine artık meydan okunuyor. Avrupa Birliği ve Çin, sırasıyla Yeni Orta Asya Stratejisi ve Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi aracılığıyla bölgeye olan ilgilerinin arttırmaktadırlar. Her iki plan da bölgeyle ekonomik ve siyasi bağların güçlendirilmesini hedeflemektedir ve bu bölgesel güç dengelerinin değişimine yol açabilir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, 2021'den bu yana Afganistan'dan ve görünüşte bölgeden çekilirken, bir kez daha bölgeye müdahil olmak için politikasını yeniden çizme aşamasındadır. Araştırma, Batı ve Asya Çok Yönlü Diplomasisinin Orta Asya'ya yaklaşımını tahlil etmeyi amaçlayacaktır. Batı ve Asya'nın çok yönlü yaklaşımı uzun vadede geliştikçe, Orta Asya üzerinde nüfuz mücadelesi bölgenin kalkınması açısından kritik hale gelecektir. Dünyadaki tüm güçler hakimiyet için yarışırken, Orta Asya devletlerinin tepkisi uzun vadede kritik rol oynayacaktır. Bununla birlikte bu araştırma, Orta Asya'daki Batı ve Asya çok yönlü diplomasisinin, jeopolitik konumu ve çok vektörlü politikası nedeniyle bölgedeki çok taraflılığın pragmatik ve karmaşık mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkardığını ileri sürmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- ANANYEVA, E. (2018). One Belt One Road versus the Eurasian Economic Union. [online] JSTOR. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep20622 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ATKIN, M. (1993). Tajik National Identity. Iranian Studies, [online] 26(1/2), pp.151–158. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4310832 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- auca.kg. (n.d.). American University of Central Asia - AUCA - Publications. [online] Available at: https://auca.kg/en/casi_historyliterature_publications/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2023].
- BEKMURZAEV, N. (2019). Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries. [online] CABAR.asia. Available at: https://cabar.asia/en/russian-language-status-in-central-asian-countries#_ftn4 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ÇELIK, Y. (2021). Orta Asya İçin Kuşak ve Yol Projesinin Stratejik Sonuçları. Asya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1).
- CGTN (2023). Xi Calls for Deep Alignment between Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union. [online] news.cgtn.com. Available at: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-05-25/Xi-calls-for-deep-alignment-between-BRI-and-EAEU-1k5hxgSOGfC/index.html [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- ÇINAR, M. (2021). The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative’s Economic Impact on Kazakhstan. Università Degli Studi di Firenze.
- CLARKE, M. (2017). The Belt and Road Initiative: China’s New Grand Strategy? Asia Policy, [online] (24), pp.71–79. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26403204.
- Collective Security Treaty Organisation (2023). From the Treaty to the Organization. [online] en.odkb-csto.org. Available at: https://en.odkb-csto.org/25years/.
- COLLINS, K. (2009). Economic and Security Regionalism among Patrimonial Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, [online] 61(2), pp.249–281. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27752228 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2023].
- CONTESSI, N. (2015). Central Asia in Asia: Charting Growing trans-regional Linkages. [online] Research Gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285656802_Central_Asia_in_Asia_Charting_growing_trans-regional_linkages.
- COX, M., LYNCH, T. and BOUCHET, N. (2013). US Foreign Policy and Democracy Promotion. Routledge eBooks. doi:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203550373.
- COX, R. W. (1992). Multilateralism and World Order. Review of International Studies, 18(2), 161–180. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097291
- COY, J., SCALES, L., STOLLBERG-RILINGER, B., Scott, T. and Wilson, P. (2017). An Empire for Our Times? a Discussion of Peter Wilson’s the Holy Roman Empire: a Thousand Years of Europe’s History. Central European History, [online] 50(4), pp.547–572. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26567773 [Accessed 11 Mar. 2022].
- de WIJK, R., THOMPSON, J., & CHAVANNES, E. (2020). What is multilateralism? Retrieved from JSTOR website: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26672.5
- DUARTE, P. (2014). The Centrality of Central Asia. Brazilian Journal of International Relations, 3(2), pp.284–323. doi:https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2014.v3n2.p284-323.
- DZHURAEV, E. and MURATALIEVA, N. (2020). The EU Strategy on Central Asia. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, [online] pp.1–10. Available at: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/bischkek/16168.pdf.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Asya Toplumu Çalışmaları, Türk Dünyası Çalışmaları |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 26 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 21 Şubat 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 21 Şubat 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 17 |
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