Abstract
Öz: Bu makale Arap Birliği’nin (AB) üye ülkeleri arasında çıkan çatışmaları yönetme ve çözmede kapasite ve yetkinliğini incelemektedir. Bölgesel bir kuruluş olarak AB çatışmaları yönetme ve çözüme kavuşturmada hem kurumsal yapı hem de güç anlamında yetersiz bir performans gösterdi. Bu başarısızlığın sebebi de iki önemli etkene bağlanabilir: Birincisi, AB üye ülkelerinin farklı rejim yapılarına ve ekonomik güce sahip olmaları; İkincisi, uluslararası kurumların ve çıkarları doğrultusunda güçlü devletlerin çatışmalara müdahil olmaları. Bu iki faktör, AB’nin çatışmaları yönetme ve çözme üzerindeki kontrolünü zayıflatmış ve nihayetinde bölge sorunları üzerindeki inisiyatifini küresel güçlere kaptırmıştır. Bu makalede AB’nin sorunları çözmede yetkilendirdiği aktörleri, organları ve fonksiyonlarını ele alırken, üye ülkeler arasında anlaşmazlıkları çözmekle yetkili olan AB Konseyi, Genel Sekreterliği ve diğer araç ve aktörlere yer verilecektir. Böylelikle AB’nin kurumsal yapısı üzerinde durularak, özellikle de Birliğin karar alma ve sorun çözme mekanizmalarına ışık tutulacaktır. Bu bağlamda AB’nin mevcut yapısıyla çatışmaları nasıl yönettiğini anlamak için Birliğin tarihinden iki örnek vaka incelenecektir. Bunlardan ilki Kuveyt’in egemenliğini tehdit eden 1961 ve 1990 Irak-Kuveyt çatışmaları, ikincisi ise Fas ile Cezayir arasında Batı Sahra bölgesinde ortaya çıkan sınır çatışmadır.
Supporting Institution
YOK
Project Number
YOK
References
- Abdu, Şaban. 1994. Banurama Harbi-l Halic, Dirasat va Nusus Qararati Meclisi-l Emn 1994-1990, Daru-l Buraq.
- Abdulmun’im, Ahmed Faris. 1986. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, 1945-1985, Merkezu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyye, Beyrut.
- Abdurrezzak, Davud. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytarati ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyye fi-l Cazirati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Al-Khalfi, Mustafa. 2003. Ezmatu-l Alakati-l Mağribiyye al-Cezairiyye ve Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye, al-Cezira, Meleffatun Khassa.
- Al-Abidin, Usame. 2006. Nizaatu-l Hudud va-l Wahdatu-l Arabiyya, B.D.N.
- Al-Atibi, Ğalib. 2010. Camiatu-d Duvali-l Arabiyye wa Hallu-l Munazaati-l Arabiyyeti, al Riyad, Akademiyetu Nayif.
- Al-Muhafza, Ali. 2009. İslahu-l Camiati-l Arabiyye, Markezu-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye. Kuveyt.
- Al-Mukhademi, Abdulkadir. 2004. Nizaatu-l Hududi-l Arabiyye, Daru-l Facr.
- Al-Mutayri, Nayif va Akharun. 2003. al-Alakatu-l Kuveytiyye - al-Iraqiyye, B.D.N.
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. Nizamu-t Tasviyati-l Munazeati-l Arabiyye-al-Arabiyye, al Markezu-l Arabi li-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye, Sana 2, al Adad 11, (September, 1997).
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. “al-Camiatu-l Arabiyyetu wa Azmatu-l Khaleej”, Macallatu-l Ulumi-l İctimaiyyeti, (al-Adadu-l Awal, 1991).
- Al-Şairi, Salih. 2006. Taswiyetu-n Nizaati-d Dawliyye Silmiyyen, al Kahira, Maktabatu Medbuli.
- Al-Ubeydi, Omar. 2012. Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye fi-s Siyaseti-l İqlimiyye li-l Camiati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Babbitt, Eileen, Arvid Bell, Alain Lempereur, Brian Mandell, and Dana Wolf. 2017. Negotiating Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa: A System Analysis after the Arab Spring, the Iran Nuclear Deal, and the Rise of ISIS. The MENA Negotiation Report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School Negotiation Project.
- Barnett, M. & Solingen, E. 2007. Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Sources and Institutional Effects of the Arab League. In Crafting cooperation: regional international institutions in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.
- Dakhlallah, Farah. 2012. The League of Arab States and Regional Security: Towards an Arab Security Community?, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. DOI:10.1080/13530194.2012.726489.
- Davud, Abdurrezzak. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytara ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyya fi-l Jazira al-Arabiyya. B.D.N.
- Ğuneymi, Muhammed Talat. 2002. al-Vaciz fi-l Kanuni-d Dawli: al-Nazariyyetu-l Amme, İskenderiye, Daru-l Camia.
- Hamad, Macdi. 2007. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye: Madkhal ila-l Mustakbel. Matabi-s Siyasiyye, Kuveyt.
- Hazindar, Sami., Asbab ve Muharrikatu-s Siraati-d Dakhilliyyeti-l Arabiyya, http://www.aljazeera.net/specialfiles/pages/0F3A3346-A14E-48BD-9D9A-7063E2408465.
- Hilal, Alauddin. 2010. an-Nuzumu-s Siyasiyyatu-l Arabiyya, Markazu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyya, Beirut.
- Issawi, Charles. 1955. "The Bases of Arab Unity", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 31 (1): 36-47. Muzahra, Menal. 1990. Dawru Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyyeti fi Azmati-l Khalici-l Ula wa Tadaiyyatuha. B.D.N.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2009. Nothing but failure?: the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council as mediators in Middle Eastern conflicts. London: Crisis States Research Centre.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2013. "Interregionalism and Multiparty Mediation: The Case of Arab Africa". International Journal of Peace Studies. 18 (1): 83-101.
- Raslan, İbrahim. 2016. “Regional Organizations and Internal Conflict: The Arab League and the Arab Spring”, BRICS Policy Center, Policy Brief.
- Rida, Hilal. 1990. as-Sirau ala-l Kuwayt, al-Kahira, B.D.N.
- Sarhan, Abdulaziz. 1974. al Munazzamatu-d Dawliyye al Alemiyye. al Kahira, Darul Fikr al-Arabi.
- Siryani, Muhammed. 2011. al Hududu-d Dawliyye fi-l Watani-l Arabi, al Riyad, Akademiyyetu Nayif.
- Şerif, Said. 2010. Nizaau-s Sahrai-l (Ğarbiyye) Mağribiyye-at Taarikh wal Aafaq, B.D.N.
- Tavares, Rodrigo. 2010. Regional security: the capacity of international organizations. London: Routledge.
- Ubeyd, Macdi., “al Muqaddimatu-s Siyasiyyetu li-l Ğazwi”, Macallatu-s Siyaseti-d Dawliyye, al Aded, 102, (Ekim, 1990).
- Wanli Chen & Jun Zhao. 2009. “The Arab League’s Decision-making System and Arab Integration”, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) Vol. 3,( No. 2).
- Yahya, Hilmi Receb. 2002. al Nizamu-l Kanuni li Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, Macallatu-l Emn wa-l Kanun, Kulliyetuş- Şurta, Canfi.
- Yassine-Hamdan, Nahla ve Frederic S. Pearson. 2014. Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution Mediation, Negotiation and Settlement of Political Disputes. Routledge.
- Youssef, Hesham. 2014. "Mediation and Conflict Resolution in the Arab World: the Role of the Arab League". OSCE Yearbook: Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE). 19: pp. 299-310.
- Arap Birliği Sözleşme Metni, http://www.lasportal.org/ar/aboutlas/Pages/Charter.aspx, (Erişim Tarihi, 09.05.2021).
Abstract
الملخص: تبحث هذه المقالة في قدرة وكفاءة جامعة الدول العربية في إدارة وحل النزاعات بين الدول الأعضائها. كمنظمة إقليمية ، كان أداء الجامعة ضعيفًا من حيث الهيكل المؤسسي والسلطة في إدارة وحل النزاعات. يمكن أن يُعزى سبب هذا الفشل إلى عاملين مهمين: أولاً ، هياكل النظام المختلفة والقوة الاقتصادية للدول الأعضاء في الجامعة . ثانياً ، تدخل المؤسسات الدولية والدول الكبرى في سير عملية التنازع بما يتماشى مع مصالحها. أدى هذان العاملان إلى إضعاف سيطرة الجامعة العربية على إدارة النزاعات وحلها وفقد في النهاية مبادرتها بشأن النزاعات الإقليمية لصالح القوى العالمية. أثناء التعامل مع الجهات الفاعلة والأجهزة ووظائفها في قرارات تخص النزاع ، ستركزهذا البحث على مجلس الجامعة ، والأمانة العامة ، ومؤتمرات القمة وغيرها من الأدوات المخولة لحل القضايا المتنازع عليها بين الدول الأعضاء. وبهذه الطريقة ، مع التركيز على الهيكل المؤسسي للجامعة ، تهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على هيكلية صنع القرار وحل النزاعات في الجامعة. في هذا السياق ، سيتم فحص حالتين من تاريخ الجامعة من أجل استكشاف كيفية إدارة وحل النزاعات مع هيكلها الحالي. الأول هو النزاع العراقي - الكويتي في عامي 1961 و 1990 الذي هدد سيادة الكويت ، والثاني هو النزاع الحدودي بين المغرب والجزائر في منطقة الصحراء الغربية.
Project Number
YOK
References
- Abdu, Şaban. 1994. Banurama Harbi-l Halic, Dirasat va Nusus Qararati Meclisi-l Emn 1994-1990, Daru-l Buraq.
- Abdulmun’im, Ahmed Faris. 1986. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, 1945-1985, Merkezu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyye, Beyrut.
- Abdurrezzak, Davud. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytarati ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyye fi-l Cazirati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Al-Khalfi, Mustafa. 2003. Ezmatu-l Alakati-l Mağribiyye al-Cezairiyye ve Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye, al-Cezira, Meleffatun Khassa.
- Al-Abidin, Usame. 2006. Nizaatu-l Hudud va-l Wahdatu-l Arabiyya, B.D.N.
- Al-Atibi, Ğalib. 2010. Camiatu-d Duvali-l Arabiyye wa Hallu-l Munazaati-l Arabiyyeti, al Riyad, Akademiyetu Nayif.
- Al-Muhafza, Ali. 2009. İslahu-l Camiati-l Arabiyye, Markezu-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye. Kuveyt.
- Al-Mukhademi, Abdulkadir. 2004. Nizaatu-l Hududi-l Arabiyye, Daru-l Facr.
- Al-Mutayri, Nayif va Akharun. 2003. al-Alakatu-l Kuveytiyye - al-Iraqiyye, B.D.N.
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. Nizamu-t Tasviyati-l Munazeati-l Arabiyye-al-Arabiyye, al Markezu-l Arabi li-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye, Sana 2, al Adad 11, (September, 1997).
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. “al-Camiatu-l Arabiyyetu wa Azmatu-l Khaleej”, Macallatu-l Ulumi-l İctimaiyyeti, (al-Adadu-l Awal, 1991).
- Al-Şairi, Salih. 2006. Taswiyetu-n Nizaati-d Dawliyye Silmiyyen, al Kahira, Maktabatu Medbuli.
- Al-Ubeydi, Omar. 2012. Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye fi-s Siyaseti-l İqlimiyye li-l Camiati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Babbitt, Eileen, Arvid Bell, Alain Lempereur, Brian Mandell, and Dana Wolf. 2017. Negotiating Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa: A System Analysis after the Arab Spring, the Iran Nuclear Deal, and the Rise of ISIS. The MENA Negotiation Report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School Negotiation Project.
- Barnett, M. & Solingen, E. 2007. Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Sources and Institutional Effects of the Arab League. In Crafting cooperation: regional international institutions in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.
- Dakhlallah, Farah. 2012. The League of Arab States and Regional Security: Towards an Arab Security Community?, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. DOI:10.1080/13530194.2012.726489.
- Davud, Abdurrezzak. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytara ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyya fi-l Jazira al-Arabiyya. B.D.N.
- Ğuneymi, Muhammed Talat. 2002. al-Vaciz fi-l Kanuni-d Dawli: al-Nazariyyetu-l Amme, İskenderiye, Daru-l Camia.
- Hamad, Macdi. 2007. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye: Madkhal ila-l Mustakbel. Matabi-s Siyasiyye, Kuveyt.
- Hazindar, Sami., Asbab ve Muharrikatu-s Siraati-d Dakhilliyyeti-l Arabiyya, http://www.aljazeera.net/specialfiles/pages/0F3A3346-A14E-48BD-9D9A-7063E2408465.
- Hilal, Alauddin. 2010. an-Nuzumu-s Siyasiyyatu-l Arabiyya, Markazu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyya, Beirut.
- Issawi, Charles. 1955. "The Bases of Arab Unity", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 31 (1): 36-47. Muzahra, Menal. 1990. Dawru Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyyeti fi Azmati-l Khalici-l Ula wa Tadaiyyatuha. B.D.N.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2009. Nothing but failure?: the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council as mediators in Middle Eastern conflicts. London: Crisis States Research Centre.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2013. "Interregionalism and Multiparty Mediation: The Case of Arab Africa". International Journal of Peace Studies. 18 (1): 83-101.
- Raslan, İbrahim. 2016. “Regional Organizations and Internal Conflict: The Arab League and the Arab Spring”, BRICS Policy Center, Policy Brief.
- Rida, Hilal. 1990. as-Sirau ala-l Kuwayt, al-Kahira, B.D.N.
- Sarhan, Abdulaziz. 1974. al Munazzamatu-d Dawliyye al Alemiyye. al Kahira, Darul Fikr al-Arabi.
- Siryani, Muhammed. 2011. al Hududu-d Dawliyye fi-l Watani-l Arabi, al Riyad, Akademiyyetu Nayif.
- Şerif, Said. 2010. Nizaau-s Sahrai-l (Ğarbiyye) Mağribiyye-at Taarikh wal Aafaq, B.D.N.
- Tavares, Rodrigo. 2010. Regional security: the capacity of international organizations. London: Routledge.
- Ubeyd, Macdi., “al Muqaddimatu-s Siyasiyyetu li-l Ğazwi”, Macallatu-s Siyaseti-d Dawliyye, al Aded, 102, (Ekim, 1990).
- Wanli Chen & Jun Zhao. 2009. “The Arab League’s Decision-making System and Arab Integration”, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) Vol. 3,( No. 2).
- Yahya, Hilmi Receb. 2002. al Nizamu-l Kanuni li Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, Macallatu-l Emn wa-l Kanun, Kulliyetuş- Şurta, Canfi.
- Yassine-Hamdan, Nahla ve Frederic S. Pearson. 2014. Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution Mediation, Negotiation and Settlement of Political Disputes. Routledge.
- Youssef, Hesham. 2014. "Mediation and Conflict Resolution in the Arab World: the Role of the Arab League". OSCE Yearbook: Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE). 19: pp. 299-310.
- Arap Birliği Sözleşme Metni, http://www.lasportal.org/ar/aboutlas/Pages/Charter.aspx, (Erişim Tarihi, 09.05.2021).
Abstract
Abstract: This article examines the ability and competence of the Arab League (AL) in managing and resolving conflicts between its member states. As a regional organization, AL has poorly performed both in terms of institutional structure and power in managing and resolving conflicts. The reason for this failure can be attributed to two important factors: first, the different regime structures and economic power of the AL member states; second, the involvement of international institutions and powerful states in the process of conflicts in line with their interests. These two factors have weakened the AL’s control over managing and resolving conflicts and ultimately lost its initiative on regional conflicts to global powers. While dealing with the actors, organs and their functions in conflict resolutions, the paper will focus on the AL’s Council, Secretariat, Summits and other instruments which are authorized to resolve disputed cases among its member states. In this way, with emphasize on the institutional structure of the AL, the paper aims to shed light on the League's decision-making and conflict-solving structure. In this context, two cases from the history of the League will be examined in order to explore how the League manages the conflicts with its current structure. The first of these is the Iraq-Kuwait conflicts of 1961 and 1990 that threatened Kuwait’s sovereignty, and the second is the border conflict between Morocco and Algeria in the Western Sahara region.
Project Number
YOK
References
- Abdu, Şaban. 1994. Banurama Harbi-l Halic, Dirasat va Nusus Qararati Meclisi-l Emn 1994-1990, Daru-l Buraq.
- Abdulmun’im, Ahmed Faris. 1986. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, 1945-1985, Merkezu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyye, Beyrut.
- Abdurrezzak, Davud. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytarati ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyye fi-l Cazirati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Al-Khalfi, Mustafa. 2003. Ezmatu-l Alakati-l Mağribiyye al-Cezairiyye ve Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye, al-Cezira, Meleffatun Khassa.
- Al-Abidin, Usame. 2006. Nizaatu-l Hudud va-l Wahdatu-l Arabiyya, B.D.N.
- Al-Atibi, Ğalib. 2010. Camiatu-d Duvali-l Arabiyye wa Hallu-l Munazaati-l Arabiyyeti, al Riyad, Akademiyetu Nayif.
- Al-Muhafza, Ali. 2009. İslahu-l Camiati-l Arabiyye, Markezu-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye. Kuveyt.
- Al-Mukhademi, Abdulkadir. 2004. Nizaatu-l Hududi-l Arabiyye, Daru-l Facr.
- Al-Mutayri, Nayif va Akharun. 2003. al-Alakatu-l Kuveytiyye - al-Iraqiyye, B.D.N.
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. Nizamu-t Tasviyati-l Munazeati-l Arabiyye-al-Arabiyye, al Markezu-l Arabi li-d Dirasati-l İstrateciyye, Sana 2, al Adad 11, (September, 1997).
- Al-Raşidi, Ahmed. “al-Camiatu-l Arabiyyetu wa Azmatu-l Khaleej”, Macallatu-l Ulumi-l İctimaiyyeti, (al-Adadu-l Awal, 1991).
- Al-Şairi, Salih. 2006. Taswiyetu-n Nizaati-d Dawliyye Silmiyyen, al Kahira, Maktabatu Medbuli.
- Al-Ubeydi, Omar. 2012. Muşkiletu-s Sahrai-l Ğarbiyye fi-s Siyaseti-l İqlimiyye li-l Camiati-l Arabiyyeti, B.D.N.
- Babbitt, Eileen, Arvid Bell, Alain Lempereur, Brian Mandell, and Dana Wolf. 2017. Negotiating Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa: A System Analysis after the Arab Spring, the Iran Nuclear Deal, and the Rise of ISIS. The MENA Negotiation Report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School Negotiation Project.
- Barnett, M. & Solingen, E. 2007. Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Sources and Institutional Effects of the Arab League. In Crafting cooperation: regional international institutions in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.
- Dakhlallah, Farah. 2012. The League of Arab States and Regional Security: Towards an Arab Security Community?, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. DOI:10.1080/13530194.2012.726489.
- Davud, Abdurrezzak. 2003. Awamilu-s Saytara ala-n Nizaati-l Hududiyya fi-l Jazira al-Arabiyya. B.D.N.
- Ğuneymi, Muhammed Talat. 2002. al-Vaciz fi-l Kanuni-d Dawli: al-Nazariyyetu-l Amme, İskenderiye, Daru-l Camia.
- Hamad, Macdi. 2007. Camiatu-d Duwali-l Arabiyye: Madkhal ila-l Mustakbel. Matabi-s Siyasiyye, Kuveyt.
- Hazindar, Sami., Asbab ve Muharrikatu-s Siraati-d Dakhilliyyeti-l Arabiyya, http://www.aljazeera.net/specialfiles/pages/0F3A3346-A14E-48BD-9D9A-7063E2408465.
- Hilal, Alauddin. 2010. an-Nuzumu-s Siyasiyyatu-l Arabiyya, Markazu-d Dirasati-l Wahdati-l Arabiyya, Beirut.
- Issawi, Charles. 1955. "The Bases of Arab Unity", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 31 (1): 36-47. Muzahra, Menal. 1990. Dawru Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyyeti fi Azmati-l Khalici-l Ula wa Tadaiyyatuha. B.D.N.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2009. Nothing but failure?: the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council as mediators in Middle Eastern conflicts. London: Crisis States Research Centre.
- Pinfari, Marco. 2013. "Interregionalism and Multiparty Mediation: The Case of Arab Africa". International Journal of Peace Studies. 18 (1): 83-101.
- Raslan, İbrahim. 2016. “Regional Organizations and Internal Conflict: The Arab League and the Arab Spring”, BRICS Policy Center, Policy Brief.
- Rida, Hilal. 1990. as-Sirau ala-l Kuwayt, al-Kahira, B.D.N.
- Sarhan, Abdulaziz. 1974. al Munazzamatu-d Dawliyye al Alemiyye. al Kahira, Darul Fikr al-Arabi.
- Siryani, Muhammed. 2011. al Hududu-d Dawliyye fi-l Watani-l Arabi, al Riyad, Akademiyyetu Nayif.
- Şerif, Said. 2010. Nizaau-s Sahrai-l (Ğarbiyye) Mağribiyye-at Taarikh wal Aafaq, B.D.N.
- Tavares, Rodrigo. 2010. Regional security: the capacity of international organizations. London: Routledge.
- Ubeyd, Macdi., “al Muqaddimatu-s Siyasiyyetu li-l Ğazwi”, Macallatu-s Siyaseti-d Dawliyye, al Aded, 102, (Ekim, 1990).
- Wanli Chen & Jun Zhao. 2009. “The Arab League’s Decision-making System and Arab Integration”, Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia) Vol. 3,( No. 2).
- Yahya, Hilmi Receb. 2002. al Nizamu-l Kanuni li Camiati-d Duwali-l Arabiyye, Macallatu-l Emn wa-l Kanun, Kulliyetuş- Şurta, Canfi.
- Yassine-Hamdan, Nahla ve Frederic S. Pearson. 2014. Arab Approaches to Conflict Resolution Mediation, Negotiation and Settlement of Political Disputes. Routledge.
- Youssef, Hesham. 2014. "Mediation and Conflict Resolution in the Arab World: the Role of the Arab League". OSCE Yearbook: Yearbook on the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe (OSCE). 19: pp. 299-310.
- Arap Birliği Sözleşme Metni, http://www.lasportal.org/ar/aboutlas/Pages/Charter.aspx, (Erişim Tarihi, 09.05.2021).
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | YOK |
| Publication Date | November 12, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 3 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
LOCKSS system is used as an archiving system for the preservation and restoration of data in this journal.